Journal of Contemporary Islamic Law

No eISSN: 0127-788X

2019 4(1)

15 JUNE 2019

Bitcoin: Analisis Mata Wang Maya Menurut Perspektif Siyāsah Shar’iyyah

Bitcoin: An Analysis on Virtual Currency from Siyāsah Shar’iyyah Perspective

Muhammad Amir Husairi Che Rani, p87045@siswa.ukm.edu.my
Postgraduate Student, Centre for Contemporary Fiqh and Sharia Compliance, Faculty of Islamic Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
Ahmad Dahlan Salleh, dahlan@ukm.edu.my,
Centre for Contemporary Fiqh and Sharia Compliance, Faculty of Islamic Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
Received: 19 March 2019 | Accepted: 10 June 2019 | Published: 15 June 2019

Bitcoin adalah salah satu daripada mata wang maya yang sangat popular dalam komuniti maya. Muncul dengan pelbagai inovasi dalam fokus mengubah sistem monetari dunia, bitcoin berhadapan dengan kekangan legitimasi, ketiadaan regulasi dan menjadi wadah kepada aktiviti pelanggaran undang-undang. Secara umumnya, artikel ini akan memfokuskan perbincangan tentang mekanisme operasi bitcoin serta maṣlaḥah dan mafsadah yang wujud dalam sistem kewangan bitcoin dalam langkah merealisasikan konsep ḥifẓ al-Māl. Selain itu, kertas ini juga menyenaraikan beberapa pandangan ilmuan Islam dan beberapa fatwa berkaitan status bitcoin menurut syariah dan melakukan analisis terhadap relevansi penggunaan bitcoin sebagai alat pembayaran menurut perspektif siyāsah shar’iyyah. Hasil perbincangan ini menjelaskan hujah dan sebab serta hukum penggunaan bitcoin sebagai mata wang dan alat pembayaran menurut Shariah.

Kata kunci: Bitcoin, maṣlaḥah dan mafsadah, fatwa, ḥifẓ al-Māl, siyāsah shar’iyyah

Bitcoin is the most popular virtual currency in a virtual community. Appearing with various innovations that focus on transforming the worldwide monetary system, bitcoin is confronted with legitimacy constrain, absence of regulation and becomes a platform of legal violation. In general, this article will discuss on the mechanism of bitcoin operation as well as maṣlaḥah (best interest) and mafsadah (harm) that exist in the bitcoin financial system in the actualization of the concept of ḥifẓ al-Māl (safeguarding properties). Moreover, this article also lists some views of Islamic scholar and fatwas related to the status of bitcoin according to Shariah and conduct analysis on the relevance of bitcoin usage as a medium of payment according to the perspective of siyāsah shar’iyyah. The outcome of this discussion explains the arguments, reasons and the laws of bitcoin usage as currency and means of payment according to Shariah.

Keywords: Bitcoin, maṣlaḥah and mafsadah, fatwa, ḥifẓ al-Māl, siyāsah shar’iyyah

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