2022 7(2)

DECEMBER 2022

Konsep Pemilikan dalam Pembiayaan Perumahan dan Kenderaan Berasaskan Akad Ijarah di Perbankan Islam serta Kesannya Kepada Akad Hibah

The Concept of Ownership in Ijarah-Based Home and Vehicle Financing of Islamic Banking and its Effect on Hibah

Mohammad Syafiq Shaifuddin, 
Postgraduate Student, Research Center for Sharia, Faculty of Islamic Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Nik Abdul Rahim Nik Abdul Ghani, nikrahim@ukm.edu.my
Research Center for Sharia, Faculty of Islamic Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Received: April 15, 2022 | Revised: August 30, 2022 | Accepted: October 21, 2022 | Published: December 15, 2022​​​

2022, Vol. 7(2), pp. 28-42.  |  PDF

Pemilikan merupakan aspek penting untuk menentukan keupayaan melakukan kepelbagaian urusniaga terhadap aset yang dimiliki oleh sesuatu entiti. Perkembangan insitusi kewangan Islam yang semakin rancak telah menyaksikan berlakunya kepelbagaian akad pendasar dalam sesuatu kontrak pembiayaan yang memberi kesan kepada aspek pemilikan terhadap pelanggan dan juga insitusi kewangan Islam. Majoriti fuqaha’ berpandangan seseorang individu tersebut perlu memiliki pemilikan secara sempurna terhadap aset bagi memastikan kesahan sebarang urusan muamalat seperti jual beli dan hibah mengikut persepektif syarak. Pada masa kini, sebahagian besar umat Islam di Malaysia memiliki aset perumahan dan kenderaan melalui pembiayaan yang diperolehi daripada insitusi kewangan Islam yang memakan masa berpuluh tahun untuk melunaskan baki pembayaran. Melalui kontrak pembiayaan tersebut, timbulnya isu sekiranya pemilik berhajat untuk menghibahkan aset yang masih dalam tempoh pembiayaan. Justeru, kertas kerja ini bertujuan merungkai sejauhmana akad hibah tersebut sah untuk dilakukan berdasarkan konsep pemilikan yang terdapat dalam produk pembiayaan perumahan dan kenderaan berasaskan akad ijarah yang ditawarkan oleh insitusi kewangan Islam. Kajian ini dilakukan melalui metode kualitatif yang menggunakan analisis kandungan untuk menjelaskan impak konsep pemilikan dalam produk pembiayaan perumahan dan kenderaan terhadap akad hibah. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa insitusi kewangan Islam merupakan pemilik sebenar terhadap aset yang dibiayai melalui akad sewaan dan implikasinya menyebabkan penghibahan aset yang dilakukan dalam tempoh pembiayaan tersebut adalah tidak harus di sisi syarak.

KATA KUNCI
Pemilikan, Pembiayaan, Akad pendasar, al-Ijarah, Hibah

Ownership is an important aspect in determining the ability to do a variety of transactions on the assets owned by an entity. The growing development of the Islamic finance industry has seen a variety of underlying contract in a financing product that affect the ownership aspect of customers as well as financial institutions. The majority of fuqaha ‘are of the view that an individual should have perfect ownership of the assets to ensure the validity of any muamalat transaction such as sale and purchase and hibah according to the Islamic perspective. Currently, most Muslims in Malaysia own housing assets and vehicles through financing obtained from Islamic financial institutions that take decades to settle the balance of payments. Through the financing contract, an issue arises if the owner intends to “hibah” such assets while still in the financing period. Thus, this paper aims to dissect the extent to which the hibah contract is valid to be done based on the concept of ownership found in housing and vehicle financing products based on ijarah contract offered by Islamic Financial Institutions. This study was conducted through a qualitative method to explain the impact of the ownership in the financing product on hibah’s agreement. The results of the study found that the islamic finance industry is the real owner of the assets financed through the rental agreement and the transfer of assets made by hibah contract during the financing period is not valid according to Islamic law.

KEYWORDS
Ownership, Financing, Hibah, al-Ijarah, qabd

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