2022 7(2)
DECEMBER 2022
Perbandingan Kedudukan Haiwan Jallālah Menurut Pandangan Fuqaha Klasik dan Fatwa Semasa di Malaysia
Comparison of the Position of Jallālah Animals According to the Views of Classical Jurists and Current Fatwas in Malaysia
Kamarulzaman Mustappa,
Postgraduate Student, Research Center for Sharia, Faculty of Islamic Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Muhammad Nazir Alias, nazir@ukm.edu.my
Research Center for Sharia, Faculty of Islamic Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Mohd Izhar Ariff Mohd Kashim, izhar@ukm.edu.my
Research Center for Sharia, Faculty of Islamic Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Sahilah Abd. Mutalib,
Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Science & Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Mohd Hafiz Safiai, hafizsafiai@ukm.edu.my
Research Center for Sharia, Faculty of Islamic Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Received: October 02, 2022 | Revised: November 27, 2022 | Accepted: November 30, 2022 | Published: December 15, 2022
Hukum haiwan jallālah pernah diangkat sebagai isu nasional suatu ketika apabila dibincangkan dalam Jawatankuasa Muzakarah Bagi Hal Ehwal Ugama Islam (MKI) Malaysia pada tahun 2006 dan 2021. Ini kerana ia melibatkan aspek pemakanan umat Islam di Malaysia yang menyentuh hukum halal dan haram. Jallālah ialah haiwan yang sering memakan najis dan benda-benda kotor termasuklah diberi makan oleh orang yang memeliharanya. Objektif kajian ini adalah utntuk mengenalpasti konsep perbahasan haiwan jallālah oleh para fuqaha empat mazhab untuk dibandingkan dengan keputusan hukum fatwa di Malaysia. Metodologi yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah kajian analisis kandungan dengan meneliti kitab-kitab fiqh yang muktabar serta laman sesawang yang berkaitan. Kajian ini mendapati terdapat pelbagai perbahasan dari segi konsep dan hukum haiwan jallālah dalam kalangan para fuqaha. Dari aspek fatwa pula, terdapat perbezaan hukum jallālah antara negeri-negeri berpandukan kriteria tertentu seperti yang ditetapkan oleh jawatankuasa fatwa negeri masing-masing. Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan menunjukkan terdapat perbezaan ketara dari aspek hukum antara pandangan fuqaha dan pengamalan fatwa di Malaysia. Artikel ini dapat menjadi suatu penjelasan kepada landasan hukum yang digunakan dalam penetapan sesuatu fatwa berkaitan hukum ikan jallalah.
KATA KUNCI
Konsep, haiwan jallālah, najis, fuqaha, fatwa.
Responses to the issue of jallālah animals can no longer be taken for granted since this issue began to arise and was hotly discussed in 2006. In Malaysia, the fatwa on jallālah animals has been raised as a national issue due to the public’s annoyance with the freshwater fish being marketed with full of doubts when the local newspaper reported most fish that are farmed are fed non-halal food such as pigs and carcasses. Jallālah is a farm animal that is fed faeces periodically to cause a foul smell on the animal’s body. The objective of this study is to analyze the debate about jallālah animals according to the classical jurists of the four schools of thought and compare that with the fatwa laws of Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore which are member countries of MABIMS (Informal Annual Meeting of Ministers of Religion of Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore). The research methodology used is through document analysis. Research was done on classic scientific writings and sources of MABIMS Member States’ fatwas related to the research topic. The results of the study found that there are similarities and differences between the jallālah animal debate by the jurists and the fatwa law decided by MABIMS Member States. The debate of jurists also differs in determining the law on jallālah animals which are makruh, harus, makruh and haram. This article can provide a general understanding of jallālah animals and can be a guide for animal breeders and consumers in evaluating the lawfulness of jallālah animals.
KEYWORDS
Concept, jallālah animals, aeces, classical jurists, fatwa.
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