Sains Malaysiana 30: 153-165 (2001)                                                                           Sains Hayat/

        Life Sciences

 

Selenium dan Fungsi Tiroid

(Selenium and Thyroid Function)

 

 

Ismarulyusda I., Osman A. Jamaludin, M. Zaleha M.I., Khairul O.,

Iskandar Z.A., Mohd Naim A.K., & Khalid B.A.K.

Jabatan Kesihatan Masyarakat, Fakulti Perubatan

Hospital Universiiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak

56000 Cheras, Selangor D.E. Malaysia

 

 

ABSTRAK

 

Pengukuran selenium dan fungsi tiroid telah dilakukan terhadap 442 orang penduduk di lima buah kampung orang Asli di pedalaman Pahang dan Perak. Pengukuran isipadu kelenjar tiroid ditentukan menggunakan alat ultrasound. Serum diambil bagi pengukuran selenium, TSH dan T4 manakala sampel urin dikumpul bagi pengukuran iodin. Min paras selenium adalah 4.082 ± 1.922 ppm (Julat 0.244 - 9.030 ppm). Kajian menunjukkan terdapat perbezaan yang bererti di antara paras selenium kanak-kanak dan dewasa (p<0.0001) dan di antara remaja dan dewasa (p<0.05). Perbezaan paras selenium adalah bererti (p < 0.0001) di antara lima kampung tersebut iaitu Pos Tual (5.638 + 0.332 ppm), Pos Legap (4.545 + 1.794 ppm), Pos Perwor (4.412 + 1.180 ppm), Pos Sinderut ( 3.910 + 2.082 ppm) dan Pos Bertang (0.890 + 0.331 ppm). Perbezaan yang bererti didapati antara isipadu goiter (p<0.0001) dan T4 (p<0.0001) menurut umur. Korelasi yang bererti juga terdapat di antara selenium dengan isipadu tiroid (Korelasi Pearson, r= ­0.1664, p=0.0051) dan selenium dengan T4 (Korelasi Pearson r=0.1789, p=0.0027). Ini menunjukkan kekurangan selenium berkorelasi dengan  peningkatan isipadu kelenjar tiroid dan kekurangan hormon tiroksin.

 

 

ABSTRACT

 

Selenium and thyroid function were measured among 442 orang Asli from five villages in rural Pahang and Perak. Thyroid gland was measured using ultrasound. Serum was sampled for selenium, TSH and T4 measurement while urine was collected for iodine measurement. Mean selenium level was found to be 4.082 + 1.922 ppm (range: 0.244-9.030 ppm). There was a significant different in selenium levels between children and adult (p<0.000I) and between adolescent and adult (p<0.05). Selenium levels were significantly different (p < 0.0001) among five villages; Pos Tual (5.638 + 0.332 ppm), Pos Legap (4.545 + 1.794 ppm), Pos Perwor (4.412 + 1.180 ppm), Pos Sinderut (3.910 + 2.082 ppm) and Pos Bertang (0.890 + 0.331 ppm). There was a significant different between goitre volume (p<0.0001) and T4 (p<0.0001) by age. There was a significant correlation between selenium and goiter volume (Pearson Correlation, r= -0.1664, p=0.0027). It can be concluded that the decrease in level of selenium was correlated with the increase of thyroid volume and the decrease in thyroxine hormon level.

 

RUJUKAN/REFERENCES

 

Allander, E. 1994. Kashin-Beck disease: an analysis of research and public health activities based on a bibliography 1849-1992. Scand J Rheumatol Suppl. 99: 1­36

Arthur, J.R., Nicol, F. & Beckett. G.J. 1990. Hepatic iodothyronine deiodinase: The role of selenium. Biochem. J. 272: 537-540

Behne, D., Kyriakopoulos, A., Gessner, H., Walzog. B. & Meinhold, H. 1992. Type I iodothyronine deiodinase activity after high selenium intake, and relations between selenium metabolism in rats. J. Nutr. 122(6): 1542-46.

Beckett, G. J., Beddows, S.E., Morrice, P.c., Nicol, F. & Arthur, I.R. 1987. Inhibition of hepatic deiodination of thyroxine caused by selenium deficiency in rats. Biochem. J. 248: 443-447.

Beckett, G. J., MagDougall, D.A., Nicol, F. & Arthur, J.R. 1989. Inhibition of type I and type II iodothyronine deiodinase activity in rat liver, kidney and brain produced by by selenium deficiency. Biochem. J. 259: 887-892.

Brtkova A, Magalova T, Babinska K & Bederova A. 1994 . Serum selenium levels in Slovak population. Bioi Trace Elem Res. 46( 1-2): 163-171

Campbell, D., Bunker, V.W., Thomas, A.1. & Clayton, B.E. 1989. Selenium and vitamin E status of healthy and institutionalized elderly subjects: Analysis of plasma, erythrocytes and platelets. Br. J. Nutr. 62: 221-227

Clark, L.c. & Combs, G.F. 1986. Selenium compounds and the prevention of cancer. Research needs and public implications.. Nutr. J. 16: 170-173.

Contempre, B., Dumont, IE., Bebe. N., Thilly, CH., Diplock, AT. & Vanderpas, J. 1991. Effect of selenium supplementation in hypothyroid subjects of an iodine and selenium deficient area: the possible danger of indiscriminate supplementation of iodine-d efficient subjects with selenium. J. Clin Endocrinol Metab. 73: 213­2l5.

David, H. Holben & Anne M. Smith 1999 The diverse role of selenium within selenoproteins: A review of American Dietetic Association. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 99(7): 836-843

Foster, LH., Sumar, S. 1997. Selenium in health and disease: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 37: 211-228.

Gutekunst, R. 1990. The value and application of ultrasonography in goiter survey. IDD Newsletter 6: 3-5.

Miller, L., B.I., Blotcky, A.I. & Lindeman, R.D. 1977. Red blood cell and serum selenium concentrations and glutathione peroxidase activities in the elderly. Proc. Uni. Otago Med. Sch. 55: 18-19.

Moreno-Reyes, R., Suetens, C., Mathieu, F. et al 1998. Kashin-Beck osteoarthropathy in rural Tibet in relation to selenium and iodine status. N. Engl. J. Med. 339: 112­-120.

Osman, A., Zaleha, MI., Letchumen, M. & Khalid, B.A.K. 1995. The prevalence of goitre in remote inland versus coastal areas. Med 1. Malaysia. 50(3): 256-262.

Reid, GM. & Tervit, H. 1997. Sudden infant death syndrome and placental disorders: The thyroid-selenium link. Medical Hypotheses 48: 317-324

Samir, M. & Awady, M.Y. 1998. Serum selenium levels in moltinodular goitre. Clin Otolaryngol. 23(6): 512-514.

Vanderpas, J.B., Contempre, B., Duale, NL., Goossens, W., Bebe, N., Thorpe, R. Nambue, K. Dumont, J., Thilly, C.H. & Diplock, AT. 1990.  Iodine and selenium deficiency associated with cretinism in northern Zaire. Am J Clin Nutr. 52: 1087-1093

 

 

 

previous