Sains Malaysiana 41(12)(2012): 1543–1548

 

Effects of Honey and Sucrose on Longevity and Fecundity of Apanteles metesae(Nixon),

a Major Parasitoid of the Oil Palm Bagworm, Metisa plana (Walker)

(Kesan Madu dan Sukrosa ke atas Jangka Hayat dan Kesuburan Apanteles metesae(Nixon),

Parasitoid Utama Ulat Bungkus Kelapa Sawit, Metisa plana(Walker))

 

 

Salmah Mohamed

Department of Agriculture Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology

Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kampus Gong Badak

21300 Kuala Terengganu. Terengganu, Malaysia

 

Mohd Basri Wahid

Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB), P.O. Box 10620

50720 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

 

Idris Abd. Ghani*

School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

 

Received: 4 January 2011 / Accepted: 21 July 2012

 

ABSTRACT

The effects of various concentrations of honey and sucrose on the longevity and fecundity of Apanteles metesae (Nixon), an endoparasitoid of oil palm bagworm, Metisa plana (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) were studied in the laboratory. Our results showed that there were a significant difference (p<0.05) in the longevity of A. metesae fed on various concentrations of honey solutions. Longevity of A. metesae was significantly longer when fed on 50% honey than on pure honey. Nonetheless, longevity of A. metesae females when fed on 50% honey was relatively longer than other honey concentrations. The parasitoid lived significantly longer when fed on 20% sucrose than fed on 50% sucrose and distilled water. However, the parasitoid fed on 50% honey had a longevity that was statistically similar to 20% sucrose and 50% sucrose. Fecundity of A. metesae differed significantly (p<0.05) when fed on 50% honey, 20% sucrose and 50% sucrose. The highest and lowest fecundity was when the parasitoids fed on 20% sucrose and distilled water, respectively. Overall, the result showed that 20% sucrose was a more suitable diet for A. metesae females as compared with other diets.

 

Keywords: Apanteles metesae; diet; fecundity; longevity; Metisa plana

 

ABSTRAK

Kesan pelbagai larutan madu dan sukrosa terhadap jangka hayat dan kesuburanApanteles metesae (Nixon), sejenis endoparasitoid ulat bungkus kelapa sawit, Metisa plana (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) telah dikaji di dalam makmal. Hasil menunjukkan bahawa terdapat perbezaan yang bererti (p<0.05) terhadap jangka hayat A. metesaeyang diberi makan pelbagai kepekatan larutan madu. Jangka hayat A. metesaeadalah lebih lama secara bererti apabila diberi makan 50% madu berbanding madu asli. Meskipun begitu, jangka hayatA. metesae betina yang diberi makan 50% madu adalah lebih lama daripada kepekatan madu yang lain. Parasitoid hidup lebih lama secara bererti apabila diberi makan 20% sukrosa berbanding yang diberi makan 50% sukrosa dan air suling. Namun, parasitoid yang diberi makan 50% madu mempunyai jangka hayat yang setara secara statistik dengan 20% sukrosa dan 50% sukrosa. KesuburanA. metesae berbeza secara bererti (p<0.05) apabila diberi makan 50% madu, 20% sukrosa dan 50% sukrosa. Kesuburan paling tinggi dan paling rendah masing-masing adalah apabila diberi makan 20% sukrosa dan air suling. Secara keseluruhannya, hasil kajian telah menunjukkan bahawa 20% sukrosa adalah diet yang lebih sesuai untukA. metesae betina berbanding diet-diet yang lain.

 

Kata kunci: Apanteles metesae; diet; jangka hayat; kesuburan; Metisa plana

REFERENCES

Barbehenn, R.V., Reese, J.C. & Hagen, K.S. 1999. The food of insects. In Ecological Entomology, edited by Huffaker, C.B. & Gutierrez, A.P. (2nd Ed.). New York: John Wiley and Sons.

Basri, M.W., Norman, K. & Hamdan A.B. 1995. Natural enemies of the bagworm Metisa plana(Lepidoptera: Psychidae) and their impact on host population regulation. Crop Protection 14: 637-645.

Basri, M.W., Siburat, S., Ravigadevi, S. & Othman, A. 1999. Beneficial plants for the natural enemies of the bagworm in oil palm plantations. In Proceedings of the 1999 PORIM International Palm Oil Congress (Agriculture), edited by Ariffin Darus, Chan Kook Weng & Sharifah Shahrul Rabiah Syed Alwee. Kuala Lumpur: Palm Oil Research Institute of Malaysia.

Chong, K.K., Peter, O., A.C. & Ho Cheng Tuck. 1991. Crop Pest and Their Management in Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: Tropical Press.

Gauld, I.D. & Bolton, B. 1988. The Hymenoptera. Oxford: British Museum (Natural History). London: Oxford University Press.

Hagen, K.S., Dadd, R.H. & Reese, J. 1984. The food of insects. In Ecological Entomology, edited by Huffaker, C.B. & Rabb, R.L. New York: John Wiley and Sons.

Hu, J.S. & Vinson, S.B. 1998. The in vitro development from egg to prepupa of Campoletis sonorensis(Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) in an artificial medium: Importance of physical factors. Journal of Insect Physiology 44: 455-461.

Idris, A.B. & Grafius, E. 1995. Wildflowers as nectar sources for Diadegma insulare(Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), a parasitoid of Diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae). Environmental Entomology 24: 1726-1735.

Leatemia, J.A., Laing, J.E. & Corrigan, J.E. 1995. Effects of adult nutrition on longevity, fecundity and offspring sex ratio of Trichogramma minutumRiley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) Canadian Entomologist 127: 245-254.

Leimich, P. & Dugard, P. 1999. Start Using Minitab for Windows. University of Abertay Dundee: School of Computing.

Mitsunaga, T., Shimoda, T. & Yano, E. 2004. Influence of food supply on longevity and parasitization ability of a larval endoparasitoid, Cotesia plutellae(Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Applied Entomology and Zoology 39(4): 691-697.

National Honey Board. 2010. Honey A Reference Guide to Nature’s Sweetener. Last accessed December 19, 2010. http://www.honey.com//images/downloads/refguide.pdf.

Salmah, M., Idris, A.B. & Basri, M.W. 2006. Effect of host larval stages on development and oviposition behaviour of Apanteles metesaeNixon (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a parasitoid of the oil palm bagworm Metisa plana Walker (Lepidoptera: Psychidae). Malaysian Applied Biology 35(2): 21-28.

Shaw. M.R. 1997. Rearing parasitic hymenoptera. The Amateur Entomologist 25: 1-46.

Steppuhn, A. & Wackers, F.L. 2004. HPLC sugar analysis reveals the nutritional state and the feeding history of parasitoids. Functional Ecology 18: 812-819.

Temerak, S.A. 1983. Longevity of Bracon brevicornis(Hym: Braconidae) adults as influenced by nourishment on artificial and natural foods. Entomophaga 28: 145-150.

Vatansever Sakin, G. & Ulusoy, M.R. 2009. The effects of different temperatures and diets on the biology of Cales noackiHoward (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), a parasitoid of the citrus woolly whitefly. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 33(3): 267-275.

 

 

*Corresponding author; email: idrisgh@ukm.my

 

 

previous