Sains Malaysiana 41(2)(2012): 261–269

Kajian Ekologi Nyamuk Aedes di Senawang Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

(Ecology Survey on Aedes Mosquito in Senawang, Negeri Sembilan)

Mazrura Sahani & Nadia Atiqah Mohd Nor & Mohamad Naim Mohamad Rasidi

Program Kesihatan Persekitaran, Fakulti Sains Kesihatan Bersekutu

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Hidayatulfathi Othman*

Jabatan Bioperubatan, Fakulti Sains Kesihatan Bersekutu, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Zainudin Mohd Ali & Rozita Hod

Jabatan Kesihatan Masyarakat, Fakulti Perubatan, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras

50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Er Ah Choy

Jabatan Kesihatan Negeri Sembilan, Jalan Lee Sam, 70590 Seremban

Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

Received: 15 November 2010 / Accepted: 21 July 2011

ABSTRAK

Kajian ekologi nyamuk merupakan kajian yang penting dalam merangka sesuatu aktiviti kawalan penyakit bawaan nyamuk. Satu kajian ekologi nyamuk Aedes telah dijalankan di Senawang, Negeri Sembilan dari Julai 2009 hingga Febuari 2010. Senawang terletak di pinggir bandaraya Seremban yang merupakan kawasan perindustrian kecil dan sederhana dengan jumlah penduduk yang padat. Kajian ekologi vektor ini bertujuan menentukan komposisi nyamuk secara keseluruhan terutamanya kepadatan populasi Aedes, masa kemuncak gigitan nyamuk, mengenal pasti kehadiran tempat pembiakan nyamuk dan menentukan hubung kait antara nyamuk Aedes dengan faktor persekitarannya seperti suhu, kelembapan relatif, halaju angin dan curahan hujan. Pensampelan nyamuk Aedes menggunakan empat kaedah iaitu perangkap cahaya (CDC), tangkapan nyamuk berumpan kaki (BLC), ovitrap dan kajian Aedes. Terdapat dua spesies nyamuk di lokasi kajian yang didominasi oleh Ae. albopictus (93.29%) dan Ae. aegypti (0.11%). Terdapat dua masa kemuncak gigitan nyamuk Ae. albopictus iaitu awal pagi (0700-0900 pagi) dan lewat petang (jam 1700-1900). Suhu persekitaran, kelembapan relatif dan kelajuan angin didapati mempunyai kaitan dengan gigitan nyamuk Aedes pada perumah (p < 0.05). Taburan hujan didapati tidak mempunyai hubungan dengan kepadatan nyamuk Aedes (r = -0.137, n =6 , p > 0.05). Kepadatan nyamuk Ae. albopictus adalah tinggi di lokasi kajian dengan Indeks Ovitrap 100% bagi kesemua stesen. Kajian Aedes mendapati daripada 30 bekas yang positif larva, 93.33% daripadanya didominasi oleh Ae. albopictus. Kajian ini menunjukkan kepadatan Ae. albopictus adalah tinggi dan berpotensi membawa penyakit demam denggi dan chikungunya di lokasi kajian. Penjagaan persekitaran perlu ditekankan kepada masyarakat setempat untuk mengawal penyebaran penyakit-penyakit tersebut.

Kata kunci: Demam denggi; ekologi nyamuk; nyamuk Aedes

ABSTRACT

A study on mosquito ecology is important in planning control activities for mosquitoe borne diseases. A study on Aedes ecology was conducted in Senawang, Negeri Sembilan from July 2009 to Febuary 2010. Senawang is located at the city fringe and is an industrial area for small and medium industries, with high population density. This study aims to determine the composition and density of Aedes population, peak biting time, the presence of larval habitat and the relationship between environmental factors. Four sampling methods used were Communicable Disease Control (CDC) light trap, bare leg catching (BLC), ovitrap and Aedes survey. Two Aedes species were identified. Ae. albopictus was the dominant type (93.29%) followed by Ae. aegypti (0.11%). Ae. albopictus was found to have two peak biting times; early morning (0700-0900) and late evening (1700-1900). Ambient temperature, relative humidity and wind velocity were found to have significant associations with the Aedes spp. biting activity towards host (p < 0.05). However, there is no significant association between rainfall and Aedes spp. density (r = -0.137, n =6 , p > 0.05). There was high density of Ae. albopictus in the study location with the Ovitrap Indices of 100% for all ovitraps stations. The Aedes survey found that with a total of 30 breeding containers positive with larvae, 93.33% were dominated by Ae. albopictus. This study showed there was high density of Ae. albopictus which has the potential of introducing dengue fever and chikungunya disease into this area. Proper environmental sanitation should be emphasized to the local community in order to prevent the spread of these diseases.

Keywords: Aedes mosquito; dengue fever; mosquito ecology

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*Corresponding author; email: hida@medic.ukm.my