Sains Malaysiana 41(5)(2012): 547–551

Tumbuhan Etnoperubatan Sebagai Perumah Aktinomiset Endofityang Bersifat Bioaktif

(Ethnomedicinal Plants as Host of Bioactive Endophytic Actinomycetes)

Nurul ‘Izzah Mohd Sarmin, Noraziah M. Zin* & Ng Kim Tien

Pusat Pengajian Sains Diagnostik dan Kesihatan Gunaan, Fakulti Sains Kesihatan

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz

50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Nik Marzuki Sidik

Pusat Pengajian Biosains & Bioteknologi, Fakulti Sains & Teknologi

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

Onuma Kaewkla & Christopher M.M. Franco

Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Flinders University

Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia

Received: 26 July 2010 / Accepted: 2 November 2011

ABSTRAK

Sembilan Aknomiset endofit telah berjaya dipencilkan daripada pokok yang mempunyai nilai ubatan dari beberapa tempat di Semenanjung Malaysia. Pencilan tersebut telah dikenalpasti melalui pemerhatian morfologi, amplifikasi gen 16S rRNA dan analisis penjujukan 16S rRNA. Saringan awal terhadap aktiviti antimikrob telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik calitan plat. Pembentukan miselium substrat dan aerial, warna jisim spora, pigmen larut dan morfologi rantai spora pada semua pencilan menyerupaiStreptomyces sp. dan Microbispora sp. Analisis filogenetik jujukan separa 16S rRNA mendapati pencilanSUK 08, SUK 10 danSUK 15 saling berkaitan denganStreptomyces eurythermus. Walau bagaimanapun pencilan ini telah dipencilkan dari tumbuhan yang berbeza. Pencilan ini didapati mempunyai aktiviti antimikrob terhadap bakteria dan kulat kajian. Empat pencilan aktif iaituSUK 08, SUK 10, SUK 12 danSUK 15 berupaya untuk membunuh dan merencat sehingga 100% satu atau lebih organisma patogen sepertiBacillus subtilis, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium solani, Rhizoctonia solanidan Trichoderma viride. Kajian ini mengesahkan bahawa tumbuhan etnoperubatan adalah sumber pencarian Aknomiset endofit bioaktif yang berupaya menjadi sumber novel dalam pencarian agen antibakteria dan antimikotik.

Kata kunci: 16S rRNA; Aktinomiset; endofit; tumbuhan etnoperubatan

ABSTRACT

Nine endophytic Actinomycetes have been isolated from medicinal plants in several parts of the Peninsular Malaysia. The isolates were identified by morphological observation, amplification of 16S rRNA genes and 16S rRNA sequencing analysis. Preliminary screenings of antimicrobial activities were measured by streak plate method. The presence of substrate and aerial mycelium, mass spore colour, diffusible pigment and spore chain morphology of all isolates were identical to Streptomyces sp. and Microbispora sp. The phylogenetic tree of partial sequence of 16S rRNA showed that isolate SUK 08, SUK 10 and SUK 15 were closely related to Streptomyces eurythermusbut yet they were isolated from different plants. All isolates demonstrated antimicrobial activities against tested bacteria and fungi. Four active isolates namely SUK 08, SUK 10, SUK 12 and SUK 15, have killing and inhibition activities up to 100% against one or more pathogenic organism such as Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium solani, Rhizoctonia solaniand Trichoderma viride. These results confirmed that ethnomedicinal plants harbor bioactive endophytic Actinomycetes which should represent as a novel source in the search of antibacterial and antimicotic agents.

Keywords: 16S rRNA; Actinomycetes; endophytes; ethnomedicinal plant

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*Corresponding author; email: nora@medic.ukm.my