Sains Malaysiana 42(1)(2013): 73–80

 

Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Antibiotics and Calcium Hydroxide against Enterococcus faecalis Biofilm in Dentine

(Kajian Keberkesanan Antibiotik Antimikrob dan Kalsium Hidroksida ke Atas Biofilem Enterococcus faecalis di Dalam Dentin)

 

 

W.L. Chai*

Department of General Dental Practice and Oral & Maxillofacial Imaging, Faculty of Dentistry

University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

 

H. Hamimah

Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya

50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

 

M. Abdullah

Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry

University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

 

Received: 18 January 2012 / Accepted: 2 May 2012

 

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial efficacy of erythromycin, oxytetracycline and calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm in dentine. E. faecalis ATCC 29212 (American type culture collection) was inoculated into standard tooth sections and incubated in aerobic atmosphere at 37°C for 21 days. The infected tooth sections were then exposed to the test agents for 5 and 10 min. The colony forming units (CFU) after the exposure periods at three different depths <100 μm, 100-350 μm and 350-500 μm were enumerated. After 5 min of exposure, both antibiotics had significantly lower CFU count than Ca(OH)2 solution at three dentinal depths. Comparing with the oxytetracycline, the CFU count of the erythromycin was significantly (p<0.05) lower at the depth of 100-500 μm. Similarly, after 10 min of exposure, erythromycin had significantly lower CFU count (p<0.05) at three dentinal depths. Oxytetracycline showed significantly lower CFU count than Ca(OH)2 at 100 μm depth. Comparing with the two exposure times, the erythromycin and Ca(OH)2 groups showed significant lower CFU counts after 10 min of exposure in the antimicrobial agents to 5 min. In conclusion, both antibiotics show better antimicrobial activity than Ca(OH)2 in removing the E. faecalis biofilm in dentine.

 

Keywords: Antimicrobials; biofilm; calcium hydroxide; dentinal tubules; Enterococcus faecalis

 

ABSTRAK

Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk mengkaji keberkesanan antimikrob eritomisin, oksitetrasilisin dan kalsium hidroksida [Ca(OH)2] ke atas biofilem Enterococcus faecalis di dalam dentin. E. faecalis ATCC 29212 (American Type Culture Collection) diguna untuk menjangkiti keratan piawai akar gigi manusia dalam keadaan atmosfera aerobik pada 37°C selama 21 hari. Keratan akar gigi yang telah dijangkiti didedahkan kepada agen ujian selama 5 dan 10 min. Selepas tempoh pendedahan, kiraan unit pembentukan koloni (CFU) pada tiga kedalaman dentin, iaitu <100 μm, 100-350 μm and 350-500 μm yang berbeza dibandingkan. Selepas pendedahan selama 5 min, kedua-dua jenis antibiotik didapati mempunyai kiraan CFU yang kurang namun signifikan berbanding Ca(OH)2 pada ketiga-tiga kedalaman dentin. Berbanding dengan oksitetrasilisin, eritomisin menunjukkan kiraan CFU yang jauh lebih kurang berbanding oksitetrasilisin dan signifikan (p<0.05) pada kedalaman dentin 100-500 μm. Selepas pendedahan selama 10 min, eritomisin mempunyai kiraan CFU yang paling rendah dan signifikan (p<0.05) pada ketiga-tiga kedalaman dentin.  Oxytetracycline menunjukkan kiraan CFU yang ketara kurang daripada Ca(OH)2 pada kedalaman 100 μm. Dalam perbandingan masa pendedahan, eritomisin dan Ca(OH)2 menunjukkan CFU yang ketara kurang selepas pendedahan selama 10 min berbanding dengan 5 min. Secara kesimpulan, kedua-dua antibiotik menunjukkan aktiviti antimikrobial yang lebih berkesan daripada Ca(OH)2 terhadap biofilem E. faecalis pada dentin.

 

Kata kunci: Antimikrob; biofilem; kalsium hidroksida; Enterococcus faecalis; tubul dentin

 

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*Corresponding author; email: chawl@um.edu.my

 

 

 

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