Sains Malaysiana 43(1)(2014): 73–80

Optimization of Submerged Culture Conditions for the Production of

Mycelial Biomass and Exopolysaccharides from Lignosus rhinocerus

(Pengoptimuman Kultur Tenggelam untuk Penghasilan Biojisim Miselium dan Eksopolisakarida Lignosus rhinocerus)

WEI HONG LAI¹*, SAADIAH MOHD SALLEH², FAUZI DAUD², ZAMRI ZAINAL²,

ABAS MAZNI OTHMAN³& NORIHAN MOHD SALEH¹

¹Agro-Biotechnology Institute, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation

c/o Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

²School of Biosciences & Biotechnology, Faculty of Science & Technology

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

³Strategic Livestock Research Centre, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute

43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

Received: 19 September 2012/Accepted: 19 April 2013

ABSTRACT

Tiger's Milk mushroom (Lignosus rhinocerus) is a highly priced medicinal mushroom utilized in traditional medicine to treat various diseases. However, due to insufficient wild L. rhinocerus, submerged culture conditions and nutritional requirements for the production of mycelial biomass and exopolysaccharide (EPS) from L. rhinocerus were studied using one-factor-at-a-time and orthogonal matrix method in shake flask culture. The optimal pH and temperature for ideal production of mycelial biomass and EPS were found to be at pH6 and 25°C, respectively. The optimal compositions for mycelial biomass production were 80 g/L of glucose, 4 g/L of potassium nitrate, 0.4 g/L of FeSO₄.7H₂O and 0.1 g/L of CaCI₂. Subsequently, the optimal compositions for EPS production were 80 g/L of glucose, 4 g/L of potassium nitrate, 1.4 g/L of FeSO₄.7H₂O and 1.1 g/L of CaCI₂. The maximum mycelial biomass and EPS concentrations achieved in a 1.5 L stirred-tank bioreactor were 6.3788 g/L and 1.2 g/L, respectively. Mycelial biomass production was about 3 times higher than that at the basal medium. However, EPS production indicated no significant difference at the basal medium. In addition, the concentrations for α-amylase, β-amylase, cellulase and invertase in optimal medium were 2.87, 1.07, 3.0 and 3.0 mg/mL, respectively. Current findings suggest that the production of mycelial biomass and EPS of L. rhinocerus can be enhanced dramatically by controlling the culture conditions and modifying the medium's composition.

Keywords: Exopolysaccharides; Lignosus rhinoceros; mycelial biomass; orthogonal matrix method; submerged culture

ABSTRAK

Cendawan Susu Harimau (Lignosus rhinocerus) adalah cendawan bernilai yang sering digunakan dalam perubatan tradisi untuk merawat pelbagai penyakit. Namun, disebabkan kekurangan bekalan L. rhinocerus liar, maka kajian penghasilan biojisim miselium dan eksopolisakarida (EPS) daripada cendawan ini dijalankan menggunakan kaedah matriks ortogon satu faktor pada satu masa untuk memperoleh keadaan pengkulturan tenggelam yang optimum. Nilai pH dan suhu optimum untuk penghasilan biojisim miselium dan EPS dalam medium lengkap cendawan (MLC) didapati adalah pada pH6 dan 25°C. Komposisi optimum untuk penghasilan biojisim miselium ialah 80 g/L glukosa, 4 g/L kalium nitrat, 0.4 g/L FeSO₄.7H₂O dan 0.1 g/L CaCI₂. Manakala, komposisi optimum untuk penghasilan EPS ialah 80 g/L glukosa, 4 g/L kalium nitrat, 1.4 g/L FeSO₄.7H₂O dan 1.1 g/L CaCI₂. Penghasilan biojisim miselium dan EPS telah dipertingkatkan dengan menggunakan 1.5 L tangki bioreaktor dan penghasilan biojisim miselium dan EPS yang maksimum ialah 6.3788 g/L dan 1.2 g/L. Di samping itu, kepekatan α-amilase, β-amilase, selulase dan invertase dalam medium yang optimum masing-masing adalah 2.87, 1.07, 3.0 dan 3.0 mg/mL. Penemuan semasa mencadangkan bahawa penghasilan biojisim miselium dan EPS L. rhinocerus boleh dipertingkatkan secara mendadak melalui pengawalan keadaan pengkulturan dan komposisi medium.

Kata kunci: Biojisim miselium; eksopolisakarida; kaedah matriks ortogon; kultur tenggelam; Lignosus rhinoceros

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*Corresponding author; email: weihan_1980@yahoo.com