Sains Malaysiana 44(11)(2015): 1609–1614

Optimization of Areca catechu Fronds as Adsorbent for Decolorization and COD Removal of Wastewater through the Adsorption Process

(Pengoptimuman Pelepah Areca catechu sebagai Penjerap untuk Penyingkiran Warna dan COD Air Sisa melalui Proses Penjerapan)

MUHD NAZMI ISMAIL¹*, HAMIDI ABDUL AZIZ¹, MOHD AZMIER AHMAD²

& NIK ATHIRAH YUSOFF³

¹School of Civil Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

²School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

³School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 01000 Arau, Perlis Indera Kayangan, Malaysia

Received: 24 November 2014/Accepted: 14 June 2015

ABSTRACT

Areca catechu fronds show higher capability for removal of color and COD and were utilized as an adsorbent for adsorption process. Areca catechu fronds activated carbon (AC) undergoes activation process after carbonization under purified carbon dioxide and turned as activated carbon. Three variables were chosen for the preparation optimization which consists of temperature, activation time and impregnation ratio in order to study the effect toward the removal of color and COD from cotton textile mill wastewater. For this study, the response surface methodology (RSM) was employed. Quadratic model were develop based on three variables and responses of color and COD. High values of the coefficient determination, R2 were obtained from analysis of variance (ANOVA) for both responses. The optimum Areca catechu fronds activated carbon (AC) preparation condition was established at temperature 797°C for 1.57 hour of activation time and 2.75 impregnation ratios, corresponding to the removal of color and COD with 78.83 and 62.41 %, respectively.

Keywords: Activated carbon; adsorption; Areca catechu; COD; color

ABSTRAK

Pelepah Areca catechu mempunyai kebolehan yang tinggi untuk menyingkirkan warna dan COD serta digunakan sebagai bahan penyerap untuk proses penyerapan. Karbon aktif (AC) Areca catechu melalui proses pengaktifan selepas karbonisasi dibawah karbon dioksida bersih untuk dijadikan karbon aktif (AC). Tiga pemboleh ubah dipilih untuk penyediaan optimum yang terdiri daripada suhu, masa pengaktifan dan nisbah pemadatan untuk mengkaji kesan terhadap penyingkiran warna dan COD daripada air sisa kilang tekstil kapas. Dalam kajian ini, kaedah gerak balas permukaan (RSM) telah digunakan. Model kuadratik dibangunkan berdasarkan kepada tiga pemboleh ubah serta tindak balas warna dan COD. Nilai pekali penentu, R2 diperoleh daripada analisis varians (ANOVA) untuk kedua-dua tindak balas. Keadaan penyediaan optimum karbon aktif (AC) pelepah Areca catechu pada suhu 797°C selama 1.57 jam masa pengaktifan dan nisbah pemadatan 2.75, sepadan dengan penyingkiran warna dan COD masing-masing sebanyak 78.83 dan 62.41%.

Kata kunci: Areca catechu; COD; karbon aktif; penjerapan; warna

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*Corresponding author; email: muhdnazmi_5757@yahoo.com