Sains Malaysiana 44(7)(2015): 995–1001

Modification of Chitosan for Preparation of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide/O-nitrochitosan) Interpenetrating Polymer Network

(Pengubahsuaian Kitosan untuk Penyediaan Polimer Rangkaian Saling  Menembus Poli(N-isopropilakrilamida/O-nitrokitosan))

N.A. RAHMAN¹, S.A. HANIFAH^1,2*, A.M.N. ZANI¹ & A. AHMAD¹

¹School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

²Polymer Research Center, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

43600 Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Received: 27 June 2013/Accepted: 27 March 2015

ABSTRACT

An interpenetrating polymer network (IPN), N-isopropylacrylamide/O-nitrochitosan (NONK) was developed in the presence of ammonium persulfate using solution polymerization technique. O-nitrochitosan (ONK) was synthesized from chitosan, before it was further reacted with N-isopropylacrylamide. A new vibration of the C-N bond formed between the NH from ONK and the CH2 from NIPAAm was detected at the peak 1154 and 1171 cm-1 using attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. In the polymerization, the primary amine became a secondary amine and the peaks of the amide I (C=O peak) and amide II (N–H) were broadened. The structure of ONK was confirmed using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). At 10°C, the result from swelling test was found that IPN poly(NONK82) had the highest swelling percentage, 1171%, compared to poly (NIPAAm) at 467%. Micrograph from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated the pore size of IPN NONK increased with an increasing ratio of ONK.

Keywords: N-isopropylacrylamide(NIPAAm); nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR); O-nitrochitosan (ONK)

ABSTRAK

Polimer rangkaian saling menembus (IPN) N-isopropilakrilamida/O-nitrokitosan (NONK) telah dibangunkan dengan kehadiran amonium persulfat dengan menggunakan teknik pempolimeran larutan. O-nitrokitosan disintesis daripada kitosan terlebih dahulu sebelum ditindak balaskan dengan N-isopropilakrilamida. Satu getaran baru ikatan C-N terbentuk di antara NH dari ONK dan CH2 dari NIPAAm pada puncak 1154 dan 1171 cm-1 diperhatikan dengan menggunakan spektroskopi (FTIR-ATR). Kumpulan amina primer menjadi amina sekunder dan puncak amida I (puncak C=O) dan amida II (N–H) semakin melebar akibat pempolimeran. Struktur ONK ditentukan melalui nuklear magnetik resonans (NMR). Pada suhu 10°C, hasil ujian pembengkakan mendapati IPN poli(NONK82) mempunyai peratus pembengkakan yang paling tinggi iaitu 1171% berbanding poli (NIPAAm) iaitu 467%. Mikrograf mikroskopi elektron imbasan (SEM) menunjukkan saiz liang IPN NONK meningkat dengan peningkatan nisbah ONK dalam IPN.

Kata kunci: N-isopropilakrilamida (NIPAAm); nuklear magnetik resonans(NMR); O-nitrokitosan (ONK)

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*Corresponding author; email: sharina@ukm.edu.my