Sains Malaysiana 45(10)(2016): 1509–1516

 

Penyingkiran Ammonia dan Logam Berat daripada Air Sisa Industri Automotif Menggunakan Pasir Terubah Suai Secara Kimia

(Heavy Metals Removal from Automotive Wastewater using Chemically Modified Sand)

ABDUL FATTAH ABU BAKAR¹, SITI NATHASA MD BARKAWI², MARLIA MOHD. HANAFIAH¹, LEE KHAI ERN³ & AZHAR ABDUL HALIM¹*

 

¹Pusat Pengajian Sains Sekitaran dan Sumber Alam, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

 

²Program Kesihatan Persekitaran, Fakulti Sains Kesihatan, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

 

³Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

43600 Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

 

Received: 22 September 2015/Accepted: 4 March 2016

 

ABSTRAK

Keberkesanan rawatan air sisa industri automotif ditentukan dengan menggunakan kaedah penjerapan turus. Peratusan penyingkiran ammonia dan logam berat terpilih telah dikaji menggunakan pasir biasa dan pasir terubah suai secara kimia sebagai bahan penjerap. Dua model matematik iaitu Model Thomas serta Model Yoon-Nelson telah digunakan untuk menentukan kapasiti penjerapan maksimum ammonia. Peratusan penyingkiran ammonia menunjukkan pasir terubah suai secara kimia mencatatkan julat peratusan penyingkiran yang lebih tinggi iaitu 43.68% hingga 96.55% berbanding pasir biasa yang mencatatkan julat 0% hingga 89.66%. Logam berat zink, mangan, kromium, kuprum, arsenik, nikel, kobalt dan ferum mencatatkan peratusan penyingkiran antara 93% hingga 100% apabila menggunakan pasir terubah suai secara kimia manakala pasir biasa mencatatkan julat peratusan penyingkiran daripada 0.8% hingga 100%. Keputusan analisis menggunakan Model Thomas menunjukkan kapasiti penjerapan maksimum, q_o ammonia menggunakan pasir terubah suai secara kimia (8.80 mg/g) adalah empat kali lebih tinggi daripada pasir biasa (2.57 mg/g) manakala masa bolos, t_0.5 bahan penjerap yang ditentukan menggunakan Model Yoon dan Nelson mencatatkan masa tertinggi bagi pasir terubah suai secara kimia iaitu 30.18 min berbanding 9.57 min bagi pasir biasa. Kajian ini menunjukkan peratusan penyingkiran dan kapasiti penjerapan ammonia dan logam berat terpilih iaitu zink, mangan, kuprum, arsenik, nikel, kobalt dan ferum lebih tinggi bagi turus pasir terubah suai secara kimia berbanding pasir biasa.

 

Kata kunci: Ammonia; logam berat; pasir; penjerapan

 

ABSTRACT

The effectiveness of the automotive industry wastewater treatment has been determined by fixed-bed adsorption study. Two mathematical models which are Thomas model and Yoon and Nelson model were used to determine the maximum adsorption capacity of ammonia. Percentage of removal of ammonia using chemically modified sand indicate the removal percentage range of 43.68% to 96.55% compared to raw sand, which indicate the range of 0% to 89.66%. Zinc, manganese, chromium, copper, arsenic, nickel, cobalt and iron have been recorded to give removal percentage of 93% to 100% by using chemically modified sand compared to the raw sand which recorded the range of removal percentage of 0.8% to 100%. The analysis using Thomas model shows the maximum adsorption capacity; q_o of ammonia using chemically modified sand (8.80 mg/g) was four times higher than normal sand (2.57 mg/g). Meanwhile, the time for 50% adsorbent to breakthrough, t_0.5 determined by Yoon and Nelson model showing that the chemically modified sand obtained the time of 30.18 min compared to raw sand which is 9.57 min. This study indicated that the removal percentage and the adsorption capacity of ammonia and the selected heavy metals such as zinc, manganese, copper, arsenic, nickel, cobalt and iron were higher in chemically modified sand compared to pristine sand fix-bed column.

 

Keywords: Adsorption; ammonia; heavy metal; sand

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*Corresponding author; email: azharhalim@ukm.edu.my