Sains Malaysiana 46(12)(2017): 2281–2289

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2017-4612-04

Green Water Meal as Protein and Carotenoid Sources in Grow-out Diets for Pacific White Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei

(Tepung Air Hijau sebagai Punca Protein dan Karotenoid di dalam Diet Tumbesaran Udang Putih Pasifik, Litopenaeus vannamei)

ROSSITA SHAPAWI*, NAJAMUDDIN ABDUL BASRI & SITTI RAEHANAH MUHD SHALEH

Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah Negeri di Bawah Bayu, Malaysia

Received: 15 June 2016/Accepted: 13 February 2017

ABSTRACT

The present study was conducted to evaluate the potential of green water meal (GWM) as an alternative dietary ingredient for juvenile Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Five isoproteic and isolipidic diets were formulated with 0% (GWM0, control diet), 10% (GWM10), 20% (GWM20), 30% (GWM30) and 40% (GWM40) of GWM replacing fishmeal protein and fed five times daily to triplicate groups of shrimp with an average initial weight of 6.42±0.02 g. In general, growth performance and feed utilization of shrimp fed with GWM10 did not show any significant differences with the control diet. Survival rate was above 88% and not affected by the dietary treatments. The whole-body protein and lipid of the shrimps decreased with the increasing GWM level in the diets. The shrimps fed with the GWM-based diets (GWM10, GWM20, GWM30 and GWM40) presented more intense red/orange colour and contained higher total carotenoid concentration compare with the control diet. The present findings suggested that GWM is an excellent source of carotenoid for shrimp pigmentation and able to replace fishmeal protein at up to 10% replacement level.

Keywords: Fishmeal replacement; microalgae meal; Pacific white shrimp; pigmentation

ABSTRAK

Kajian ini telah dijalankan untuk menilai potensi tepung air hijau (GWM) sebagai sumber ramuan alternatif dalam pemakanan juvenil udang putih Pasifik, Litopenaeus vannamei. Lima diet isoproteik dan isolipidik telah dirumuskan dengan 0% (diet kawalan), 10% (GWM10), 20% (GWM20), 30% (GWM30) dan 40% (GWM40) GWM menggantikan protein daripada tepung ikan dan diberi makan lima kali sehari kepada tiga kumpulan udang dengan berat purata awal 6.42±0.02 g. Secara keseluruhannya, prestasi pertumbuhan dan penghadaman makanan untuk udang yang diberi makan dengan diet GWM10 tidak menunjukkan perbezaan yang signifikan dengan diet kawalan. Kadar kelangsungan hidup adalah lebih daripada 88% dan tidak dipengaruhi oleh diet pemakanan. Kandungan protein dan lipid udang menurun dengan tahap GWM yang semakin meningkat di dalam diet. Udang yang diberi makan dengan diet yang berasaskan GWM (GWM10, GWM20, GWM30 dan GWM40) menunjukkan warna merah/jingga yang terang dan mengandungi jumlah kandungan karotenoid yang lebih tinggi berbanding dengan diet kawalan. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa GWM adalah sumber karotenoid yang sangat baik untuk pigmentasi udang dan boleh menggantikan protein daripada tepung ikan sehingga 10% tahap penggantian.

Kata kunci: Hidangan mikroalga; hidangan udang gantian; pigmentasi; udang putih pasifik

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*Corresponding author; email: rossita@ums.edu.my