Sains Malaysiana 47(10)(2018): 2381–2390

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4710-14

 

Influence of Fruit and Vegetable Intake on Satiety and Energy Intake: A Review

(Pengaruh Pengambilan Buah-buahan dan Sayur-Sayuran ke atas Tahap Kekenyangan dan Pengambilan Tenaga: Suatu Ulasan)

 

BIBI NABIHAH ABDUL HAKIM¹, HANIS MASTURA YAHYA^2*, SUZANA SHAHAR¹ & ZAHARA ABDUL MANAF¹

 

¹Centre for Healthy Aging and Wellness and Dietetics Programme, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

 

²Centre for Healthy Aging and Wellness and Nutritional Science Programme, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

 

Received: 29 January 2018/Accepted: 5 June 2018

 

ABSTRACT

Fruit and vegetable are the natural foods that contained various nutrients vital for good health and help in weight loss by suppressing an individual’s appetite. Therefore, this review aimed to investigate the acute effect of fruit and vegetable intake on satiety and energy intake. We included randomized controlled trial or experimental designs measuring fruit and/or vegetable intake on satiety using subjective appetite rating and appetite related hormone and energy intake among healthy adults, published in English-language. The use of extract, powder form or concentrated fruit and/or vegetable and animal study were excluded. Twelve studies were identified from Pubmed, Science Direct and Cochrane from the year 1995 to August 2017, consists of six studies on fruit and six studies on vegetable. This review discussed the preload of fruit and vegetable in promoting satiety and reducing the energy intake. Manipulating energy density rather than portion size was effective in reducing total energy intake and promotes satiety. Fruit and vegetable in solid form had a greater satiety effect and significantly reduce energy intake compared to liquid or pureed form. The variation in time interval between fruit and/or vegetable intake and the test meal may also account a significant effect on satiety up to 2 h and diminished 3 h onward. The satiety effect of fruit and vegetable would be beneficial in body weight management.

 

Keyword: Adult; energy intake; fruit; satiety; vegetable

 

ABSTRAK

Buah dan sayuran merupakan makanan semula jadi yang mengandungi pelbagai nutrien penting untuk kesihatan dan membantu dalam penurunan berat badan dengan menahan selera individu. Oleh itu, ulasan ini dijalankan bagi mengenal pasti kesan akut pengambilan buah dan sayuran terhadap tahap kekenyangan dan pengambilan tenaga. Kajian dipilih adalah berdasarkan kajian percubaan rawak terkawal atau kajian berunsur uji kaji yang mengukur pengambilan buah dan/atau sayuran ke atas tahap kekenyangan menggunakan skala kekenyangan subjektif dan hormon berkaitan selera serta pengambilan tenaga dalam kalangan individu dewasa yang sihat. Penggunaan ekstrak, serbuk atau pati buah dan/atau sayuran serta kajian ke atas haiwan dikecualikan. Dua belas kajian telah dikenal pasti hasil daripada pencarian di pangkalan data Pubmed, Science Direct dan Cochrane dari tahun 1995 hingga Ogos 2017. Enam kajian berdasarkan pengambilan buah dan enam kajian berdasarkan pengambilan sayuran. Tinjauan menunjukkan pengambilan buah dan sayuran lebih mengenyangkan dan mengurangkan pengambilan tenaga. Manipulasi ketumpatan tenaga berbanding saiz catuan makanan lebih berkesan dalam mengurangkan jumlah pengambilan tenaga dan lebih mengenyangkan. Buah dan sayuran dalam bentuk pepejal mempunyai kesan kekenyangan yang lebih tinggi dan mengurangkan jumlah pengambilan tenaga berbanding dalam bentuk cecair atau puri. Variasi selang masa antara pengambilan buah dan/sayuran dengan memberi kesan yang besar terhadap tahap kekenyangan dan ia bertahan sehingga 2 jam dan hilang selepas 3 jam. Kesan kekenyangan pengambilan buah dan sayuran mempunyai potensi dalam pengurusan berat badan.

 

Kata kunci: Buah; dewasa; kekenyangan; pengambilan tenaga; sayuran

 

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*Corresponding author; email: hanis.yahya@ukm.edu.my