Sains Malaysiana 47(10)(2018): 2463–2471

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4710-23

 

Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition and Reepithelialisation in Wound Healing: A Review of Comparison

(Peralihan Epitelium kepada Mesenkima dan Pengepitelium Semula dalam Penyembuhan Luka: Ulasan Perbandingan)

 

ABID NORDIN¹, SHIPLU ROY CHOWDHURY², AMINUDDIN BIN SAIM³ & RUSZYMAH BT HJ IDRUS^1*

 

¹Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

 

²Tissue Engineering Centre,Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

 

³Ear, Nose & Throat Consultant Clinic, Ampang Puteri Specialist Hospital, 68000 Ampang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

 

Received: 30 March 2018/Accepted: 20 June 2018

 

 

ABSTRACT

Skin wound healing is a complex physiological event, involving many cellular and molecular components. The event of wound healing is the coordinated overlap of a number of distinct phases, namely haemostasis, inflammatory, proliferative and remodelling. The molecular events surrounding wound healing, particularly the reepithelialisation, has been reported to be similar to the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). In this review, the mechanism between epithelialisation and EMT were compared. Both are characterised by the loss of epithelial integrity and increased motility. In terms of the signalling kinases, Smad and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) has been reported to be involved in both reepithelialisation and EMT. At the transcriptional level, SLUG transcription factor has been reported to be important for both reepithelialisation and EMT. Extracellular matrix proteins that have been associated with both events are collagen and laminin. Lastly, both events required the interplay between matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and its inhibitor. As a conclusion, both reepithelialisation and EMT shares similar signaling cascade and transcriptional regulation to exhibit decreased epithelial traits and increased motility in keratinocytes.

 

Keywords: Epithelial to mesenchymal transition; reepithelialisation; wound healing

 

ABSTRAK

Penyembuhan luka ialah proses fisiologi yang kompleks dan melibatkan pelbagai komponen sel dan molekul. Proses penyembuhan luka terdiri daripada tindihan beberapa fasa yang tersusun iaitu haemostasis, inflamasi, proliferasi dan pembentukan semula tisu. Proses molekul penyembuhan luka, khasnya pengepitelium semula, telah dilaporkan mempunyai persamaan dengan proses molekul yang terlibat dalam peralihan epitelium kepada mesenkima (EMT). Dalam kajian ini, persamaan proses molekul antara pengepitelium semula dan EMT dibincangkan. Penunjuk utama untuk kedua-dua proses ialah kehilangan keutuhan sel epitelium yang membawa kepada migrasi sel. Dua protein kinase telah dilaporkan sama-sama terlibat dalam pengepitelium semula dan EMT, Smad dan MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase). Pada tahap transkripsi genetik, faktor transkripsi SLUG dilaporkan diperlukan dalam kedua-dua proses. Matriks ekstrasel laminin dan kolagen juga dikaitkan dengan kedua-dua proses. Akhir sekali, keseimbangan antara enzim pencerna matriks ekstrasel dan perencatnya juga penting dalam proses pengepitelium semula dan EMT. Kesimpulannya, proses epitelium semula dan EMT berkongsi proses kawal atur yang sama di peringkat kinase dan faktor transkripsi yang membolehkan mobiliti sel dan pengurangan sifat epitelium untuk keratinosit.

 

Kata kunci: Pengepitelium semula; penyembuhan luka; peralihan epitelium kepada mesenkima

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*Corresponding author; email: ruszyidrus@gmail.com