Sains Malaysiana 47(2)(2018): 221-225

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4702-02

Effect of Gibberellic Acid on the Growth and Yield of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

(Kesan Asid Giberelik pada Pertumbuhan dan Penghasilan Kacang Tanah

(Arachis hypogaea L.))

Mohammed Hasan* & Ismail B.S.

School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Received: 5 December 2016/Accepted: 8 August 2017

ABSTRACT

This study was conducted during two different seasons to determine the best concentration of gibberellic acid (GA3) that could result in better growth and higher yield of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Experiments were conducted during the 2015 dry season and 2016 wet season at the field of the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia. The purpose of the experiments was to investigate the response of the groundnut plants to four levels of GA3 (0, 50, 100 and 150 mg L⁻¹) as foliar spray at 21 and 42 days after sowing. The treatments were laid out in a randomized complete block design and replicated thrice. The results showed that the treatment of 150 mg L⁻¹ GA3 significantly (p<0.05) increased plant height, number of branches per plant, total dry weight, number of pods per plant, pod yield, 100 seed weight, % shelling, oil content, protein content, seed moisture and germination percentage during the wet and dry seasons. In conclusion, the 150 mg L⁻¹ GA3 concentration is the optimum level required to enhance the growth and yield in groundnuts during the wet and dry seasons.

Keywords: Dry season; GA3; gibberellic acid; groundnut; wet season

ABSTRAK

Kajian ini dijalankan dalam dua musim yang berbeza bagi mencari kepekatan asid giberelik (GA3) yang terbaik untuk menghasilkan pertumbuhan yang lebih baik dan hasil yang lebih tinggi bagi kacang tanah (Arachis hypogaea L.). Kajian dilakukan ketika musim kemarau pada tahun 2015 dan musim hujan tahun pada 2016 di ladang Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Malaysia. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk mengkaji tindak balas tumbuhan kacang tanah terhadap empat peringkat GA3 (0, 50, 100 dan 150 mg L^-1) sebagai semburan daun pada hari ke-21 dan ke-42 selepas penyemaian. Perlakuan tersebut telah ditetapkan dalam reka bentuk blok lengkap rawak dengan tiga replikasi. Keputusan kajian menunjukkan bahawa perlakuan dengan 150 mg L^-1 GA3 nyata sekali (p<0.05) meningkatkan ketinggian tumbuhan, bilangan dahan setiap tumbuhan, bilangan nodul setiap tumbuhan, jumlah berat kering, bilangan lenggai setiap tumbuhan, hasil lenggai, berat 100 biji benih, % pengasingan cangkerang, kandungan minyak, kandungan protein, kelembapan biji benih dan peratus percambahan semasa musim hujan dan kemarau. Walau bagaimanapun, analisis regresi menunjukkan bahawa 150 mg L^-1 GA3 yang digunakan semasa musim hujan dan musim kemarau adalah pada tahap optimum yang diperlukan untuk memangkin pertumbuhan dan hasil kacang tanah.

Kata kunci: Asid giberelik; GA3; kacang tanah; musim hujan; musim kering

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*Corresponding author; email: aldulaimi89_fst@yahoo.com