Sains Malaysiana 47(3)(2018): 457–469

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4703-05

Assessment of Pollution and Improvement Measure of Water Quality Parameters using Scenarios Modeling for Sungai Selangor Basin

(Penilaian Pencemaran dan Peningkatan Ukuran Parameter Kualiti Air menggunakan

Pemodelan Senario untuk Lembangan Sungai Selangor)

MD. SADEK UDDIN CHOWDHURY, FARIDAH OTHMAN*, WAN ZURINA WAN JAAFAR,

NUZAIMA CHE MOOD & MD. IBRAHIM ADHAM

Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering , University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

Received: 1 June 2017/Accepted: 8 September 2017

ABSTRACT

Sungai Selangor is very important from the viewpoint of water supply and multipurpose water use in Malaysia. The water quality of this river is degrading due to point and non-point sources of pollution. This study, focus on the water quality assessment and simulation the effect of the pollution sources from urbanization to the Sungai Selangor basin. Water quality Index (WQI) is used to define the status of river water quality and the QUAL2K was used as a simulation model. Water quality parameters DO, BOD and NH₃-N have been chosen for modeling. In addition, five different model scenarios were simulated to observe the impacts of pollution sources on the Sungai Selangor water quality. WQI results showed that most of the stations in this river basin recorded water inferior to Class III. The water quality model presented different scenarios for changes of Sungai Selangor water quality. Simulation results for different scenarios showed that reduced levels of BOD and NH₃-N at 51.10% and 66.18%, respectively, can be obtained if Scenario-5 is employed. The river water quality issue in the Rawang sub- basin within the study area is considered crucial to create significant improvement within the sub basin and in the downstream area of Sungai Selangor basin.

Keywords: Scenarios modeling; Sungai Selangor; water quality

 ABSTRAK

Sungai Selangor adalah sumber penting daripada sudut bekalan air dan pelbagai guna di Malaysia. Kualiti air bagi sungai ini semakin merosot disebabkan oleh pencemaran punca titik dan bukan titik. Kajian ini tertumpu kepada penilaian kualiti air dan simulasi kesan punca pencemaran dari kawasan membangun kepada lembangan Sungai Selangor. Indeks Kualiti Air (WQI) telah digunakan untuk menilai status kualiti air sungai dan QUAL2K digunakan untuk simulasi permodelan. Tambahan pula, pelbagai senario model telah disimulasi bagi memerhatikan kesan kepada punca pencemaran terhadap kualiti air Sungai Selangor. Keputusan WQI menunjukkan bahawa kebanyakan stesen di lembangan sungai ini berada dalam Kelas III. Model kualiti air menunjukkan bahawa pengurangan BOD dan NH₃-N sebanyak 51.10% and 66.18% boleh dicapai sekiranya Senario-5 diguna pakai. Isu kualiti air sungai di sub-lembangan Rawang adalah dianggap penting bagi penambahbaikan di dalam sub-lembangan dan kawasan hilir lembangan Sungai Selangor.

Kata kunci: Kualiti air; pemodelan senario; Sungai Selangor

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*Corresponding author; email: faridahothman@um.edu.my