Sains Malaysiana 47(4)(2018): 671-682

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4704-04

Potential of Oil Palm Frond Residues in Combination with S-Metolachlor for the Inhibition of Selected Herbicide-Resistant Biotypes of Goosegrass Emergence and Seedling Growth

(Potensi Residu Minyak Kelapa Sawit dengan S-Metolachlor untuk Perencatan Herbisid Terpilih - Rintangan Biotip daripada Kemunculan Rumput Sambau dan Pertumbuhan Anak Benih)

CHUAH TSE SENG^1*, LIM WIN KENT¹ & ISMAIL B.S.²

¹School of Food Science and Technology, Laboratory of Agri-food Pest and Disease Management University of Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu Darul Iman, Malaysia

²School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Received: 28 March 2017/Accepted: 24 October 2017

ABSTRACT

Heavy reliance on herbicides for goosegrass (Eleusine indica Gaertn.) control has led to the development of paraquat, glufosinate, fluazifop and/or glyphosate resistance in goosegrass. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of pre- emergence herbicide, S-metolachlor-treated oil palm frond powder on inhibition of resistant biotypes of goosegrass under glasshouse and field conditions. The oil palm frond (OPF) powder was treated with S-metolachlor at its suboptimal rate and applied as mulch. The herbicide-resistant goosegrass plants were found to be more inhibited when treated with S-metolachlor-treated OPF mulch at the rate of 12 g ai ha^-1 S-metolachlor + 1.5 t ha^-1 OPF (with the exception of the glufosinate-resistant googegrass biotype in the sandy loam soil) compared to the growth of the resistant biotypes in silty loam soil under glasshouse conditions. Field experiments in an ambarella (Spondias dulcis L.) farm further showed that OPF -treated with S-metolachlor mulch at the rate of 32.0 g ai ha^-1 S-metolachlor + 4.0 t ha^-1 OPF provided great suppression of glyphosate-resistant biotypes of goosegrass with more than 85% reduction of weed density and biomass, respectively. These results suggested that the residue of OPF have the potential to reduce the application rate of S-metolachor without compromising on the excellent control obtained in combating these herbicide-resistant biotypes of goosegrass.

Keywords: Eleusine indica; herbicide resistance; pre-emergence; S-metolachlor; weed management

ABSTRAK

Kebergantungan yang tinggi terhadap herbisid untuk mengawal rumput sambau (Eleusine indica Gaertn.) telah mewujudkan sifat kerintangan rumput sambau terhadap paraquat, glufosinat, fluazifop dan/atau glifosat. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menilai keberkesanan, direaksi serbuk pelepah kelapa sawit yang diperlakukan dengan herbisid pra- cambah S-metolachlor ke atas biotip rumput sambau rintang dalam rumah hijau dan lapangan. Serbuk pelepah kelapa sawit (OPF) yang telah diperlaku dengan S-metolachlor pada kadar suboptimum dan digunakan sebagai sungkupan. Rumput sambau rintang herbisid didapati lebih terencat apabila dirawat dengan S-metolachlor melalui sungkupan OPF pada kadar 12 g ai ha^-1 S-metolachlor + 1.5 t ha^-1 OPF (kecuali biotip rumput sambau rintang glufosinate dalam tanah loam berpasir) berbanding pertumbuhan biotip rintang di dalam tanah liat berkelodak di bawah keadaan rumah hijau. Uji kaji di lapangan dalam ladang tanaman ambarella (Spondias dulcis L.) juga menunjukkan bahawa OPF diperlaku dengan S-metolachlor pada kadar sungkupan 32.0 g ai ha^-1 dan S-metolachlor + 4.0 t ha^-1 OPF menyebabkan perencatan yang besar terhadap glifosat tahan biotip rumput sambau rintang terhadap glifosat dengan pengurangan masing-masing melebihi 85% daripada kepadatan rumpai dan biojisim. Keputusan ini menunjukkan bahawa sisa OPF mempunyai potensi untuk mengurangkan kadar aplikasi S-metolachor tanpa menjejaskan kesan kawalan dalam menangani biotip rumput sambau rintang herbisid.

Kata kunci: Eleusine indica; herbisid pra-cambah; kerintangan herbisid; pengurusan rumpai; S-metolachlor

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*Corresponding author; email: chuahts@umt.edu.my