Sains Malaysiana 47(9)(2018): 1979–1989

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4709-05

Evolution by Gene Duplication, Recombination and Selection in MHC Class I Genes of Odorrana margaretae

(Evolusi melalui Penduaan Gen, Penggabungan Semula dan Gen Pemilihan Kelas 1 MHC Odorrana margaretae)

HU CHEN, XIAORONG TAN, FUYAO HAN, YONGFANG YAO, HUAILIANG XU & MINGWANG ZHANG*

College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, China

Received: 28 February 2018/Accepted: 4 June 2018

ABSTRACT

Amphibians have undergone catastrophic declines worldwide and the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is an attractive candidate for investigating the link between adaptive variation and individual fitness. Nonetheless, little research has been conducted to study the amphibians MHC genes. Thus, MHC class Ia of Odorrana margaretae, a representative species of the Odorrana, was isolated and used to analyze the adaptive mechanism. We isolated alleles and determined evolution patterns of MHC class Ia in O. margaretae. The phylogenetic tree of MHC class Ia was reconstructed to understand the evolutionary relationship of Anura. In O. margaretae of MHC class Ia: there were more non-synonymous mutations compared to synonymous mutations; there are at least two loci; the recombination alleles took place for a large proportion (55.56%) of the alleles and recombination usually took place between whole exon of Ia genes of MHC class; positive selection sites were detected and most (10 of 19) located at the α1 and α2 domains belonged to the presumed ABS. The diversity of genes of MHC class Ia was led by recombination, gene duplication and positive selection. Trans-species polymorphisms of anuran genes of MHC class Ia were evident in anurans. Therefore, the MHC class Ia present demonstrative candidates for investigating the link between adaptive variation and individual fitness. We argue that knowledge of the MHC of other anuran lineage, especially focusing a genus such as O. margaretae, should provide an overall more complete picture of the organization of MHC in anurans.

Keywords: Adaptive variation; anurans; evolution; individual fitness; major histocompatibility complex; polymorphism

ABSTRAK

Amfibia telah menjalani bencana penurunan di seluruh dunia dan kompleks kehistoserasian utama (MHC) adalah calon yang menarik untuk mengkaji kaitan antara variasi mudah suai dan kecergasan individu. Walau bagaimanapun, terdapat kurang kajian yang dijalankan untuk mengkaji gen MHC amfibia. Oleh itu, MHC kelas Ia Odorrana margaretae, satu spesies yang mewakili Odorrana, dipencil dan digunakan untuk menganalisis mekanisme mudah suai. Kami memencil alel dan menentukan evolusi corak MHC kelas Ia dalam O. margaretae. Pokok filogenetik MHC kelas Ia telah dibina semula untuk memahami hubungan evolusi Anura. Dalam O. margaretae MHC kelas Ia: terdapat lebih banyak mutasi sinonim berbanding sinonim mutasi; terdapat sekurang-kurangnya dua loci; penggabungan semula alel berlaku bagi sebahagian besar (55.56%) daripada alel ini dan penggabungan semula ini biasanya berlaku antara keseluruhan ekson gen MHC kelas Ia; tapak pilihan positif dikesan dan kebanyakannya (10 daripada 19) terletak di dalam domain α1 dan α2 dipercayai kepunyaan ABS. Kepelbagaian gen kelas MHC Ia dipimpin oleh penggabungan semula, penduaan gen dan pemilihan positif. Polimorfisme trans-spesies gen anura MHC kelas Ia adalah jelas dalam anura. Oleh itu, MHC kelas Ia menunjukkan calon untuk mengkaji kaitan antara perubahan mudah suai dan kecergasan individu. Kami berpendapat bahawa pengetahuan daripada MHC keturunan anura lain, terutamanya menumpukan kepada genus seperti O. margaretae sepatutnya menyediakan satu gambaran lebih lengkap keseluruhan susunan MHC dalam anura.

Kata kunci: Anura; evolusi; kecergasan individu; kompleks utama kehistoserasian; perubahan mudah suai; polimorfisme

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*Corresponding author; email: mwzhangkiz@hotmail.com