Sains Malaysiana 48(10)(2019): 2211–2220

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2019-4810-17

Vascular Markers among Young Women with CVD Risk Factors

(Penanda Vaskular dalam Kalangan Wanita Muda dengan Faktor Risiko CVD)

AMILIA AMINUDDIN¹*, AZIZAH UGUSMAN¹, NORIZAM SALAMT¹ & MUSILAWATI MUHAJIR¹

¹Department of Physiology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

²Department of Pathology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

Received: 2 April 2019/Accepted: 19 August 2019

ABSTRACT

Data pertaining to carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWVcf), augmentation index (AI), and C-reactive protein (CRP) are less studied among young Asian women. The objectives of this study were to determine the associations between these vascular markers with other cardiovascular (CVD) risk factors and future CVD risks; and secondly, to determine the associations between the markers themselves among young women. One hundred and forty-eight young women who were healthy, or having any CVD risk factor, were recruited. They were divided into a healthy group (HG, n=71) and a risk group (RG, n=77). The parameters measured included body anthropometry, blood pressure (BP), CIMT, PWVcf, AI, CRP, blood sugar, and lipid profiles. The future CVD risk was expressed in short and long term Framingham Risk Scores (FRS). The data was analysed via SPSS and p-value <0.05 was accepted as significant. The RG had significantly higher PWVcf, AI, and hs-CRP when compared to HG. All of the markers were associated with CVD risk factors and the long-term FRS. The independent variable for CIMT was age (R2=0.11), while PWVcf was determined by diastolic BP and age (R2=0.29). AI was independently determined by age, heart rate, and LDL (R2=0.28), while for CRP, it was weight and HDL (R2=0.30). In conclusion, among the young women with CVD risk factor, CIMT, PWVcf, AI, and hs-CRP can be used to assess their risk of future CVD. No associations were observed between the markers themselves, which suggests that every marker reflects a different entity. They should be measured independently for a complete vascular assessment.

Keywords: Carotid artery; vascular stiffness; young adults

ABSTRAK

Maklumat berkaitan ketebalan intima media arteri karotid (CIMT), halaju gelombang nadi arteri karotid femor (PWVcf), indeks augmentasi (AI) dan protein C-Reaktif (CRP) kurang dikaji dalam kalangan belia wanita Asia. Objektif kajian ini adalah menentukan hubungan antara penanda saluran darah tersebut dengan faktor-faktor risiko CVD yang lain serta risiko CVD pada masa depan, dan kedua adalah untuk menentukan hubungan penanda saluran darah tersebut sesama sendiri dalam kalangan wanita muda. Seramai seratus empat puluh lapan wanita muda yang sihat atau mempunyai faktor risiko CVD direkrut. Mereka dibahagikan kepada kumpulan sihat (HG, n=71) dan kumpulan berisiko (RG, n=77). Parameter yang diukur meliputi antropometri badan, tekanan darah (BP), CIMT, PWVcf, AI, CRP, glukosa darah dan profil lipid. Risiko CVD pada masa depan dibentangkan dalam bentuk Skor Risiko Framingham (FRS) jangka masa panjang dan pendek. Data dianalisis menggunakan SPSS dan nilai p<0.05 diterima sebagai signifikan. Kumpulan RG mempunyai PWVcf, AI dan Hs-CRP yang lebih tinggi apabila dibandingkan dengan HG. Kesemua penanda saluran darah ini mempunyai hubungan dengan faktor risiko CVD dan FRS jangka masa panjang. Variabel tidak bersandar bagi CIMT adalah umur (R2=0.11) sementara PWVcf ditentukan oleh BP diastolik dan umur (R2=0.29). AI ditentukan secara bebas oleh umur, kadar nadi dan LDL (R2=0.30) manakala CRP pula ialah berat dan HDL (R2=0.30). Tiada hubungan yang dicerap dalam kalangan penanda saluran darah tersebut. Kesimpulannya, dalam kalangan wanita muda dengan faktor risiko CVD, CIMT, PWVcf, AI dan hs-CRP boleh digunakan untuk menilai risiko CVD pada masa depan. Tiada hubungan didapati dalam kalangan penanda tersebut dan dicadangkan bahawa setiap penanda saluran darah menunjukkan entiti yang berbeza dan masing-masing perlu diukur bagi penilaian menyeluruh salur darah.

Kata kunci: Arteri karotid; kekakuan vaskular; wanita muda

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*Corresponding author; email: amilia@ppukm.ukm.edu.my