Sains Malaysiana 48(12)(2019): 2701–2707

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2019-4812-11

Leptin, Adiponectin and Insulin as Regulators for Energy Metabolism in a Rat Model of Metabolic Syndrome

(Leptin, Adiponektin dan Insulin sebagai Pengawalatur untuk Metabolisme Tenaga dalam Model Tikus Sindrom Metabolik)

SOK KUAN WONG, KOK YONG CHIN & IMA-NIRWANA SOELAIMAN*

Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaakob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

Received: 5 March 2019/Accepted: 4 October 2019

ABSTRACT

Leptin, adiponectin, and insulin are pivotal regulators for lipid and glucose metabolism. This study aimed to investigate the changes in these hormones in a rat model of metabolic syndrome (MetS) induced by high-carbohydrate high-fat (HCHF) diet. Twelve-week-old male Wistar rats were divided into two experimental groups. The normal group was given standard rat chow with tap water. The HCHF group was given HCHF diet with 25% fructose-supplemented drinking water to induce MetS. Body composition of the animals was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Blood was collected at week 0, 8, 12, and 16 for the measurement of blood glucose and hormone levels. Our findings demonstrated that HCHF diet significantly increased fat mass, percentage of fat, and decreased lean mass in the animals starting from week 8. The levels of blood glucose, leptin, and insulin were significantly higher but the level of adiponectin was significantly lower in the HCHF rats compared to the normal rats. In conclusion, hormones play a key underlying role in regulating lipid and glucose metabolism in MetS.

Keywords: Adiponectin; glucose; insulin; leptin; lipid

ABSTRAK

Hormon leptin, adiponektin, dan insulin merupakan pengawalatur untuk metabolisme lipid dan glukosa. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji perubahan aras hormon dalam model tikus sindrom metabolik (MetS) yang diaruhkan oleh diet tinggi karbohidrat tinggi lemak (HCHF). Tikus jantan Wistar berumur 12 minggu dibahagikan kepada dua kumpulan. Kumpulan normal diberi makanan tikus piawai dan air paip. Kumpulan HCHF diberi diet HCHF dan air minuman yang ditambah dengan 25% fruktosa untuk mengaruh sindrom metabolik. Komposisi badan haiwan diukur menggunakan absorptiometer sinar-X. Darah haiwan dikumpul pada minggu 0, 8, 12, dan 16 untuk mengukur aras glukosa darah dan hormon. Keputusan kajian menunjukkan diet HCHF meningkatkan jisim lemak, peratusan lemak dan menurunkan jisim tanpa lemak secara signifikan dalam haiwan pada minggu ke-8. Aras glukosa darah, leptin dan insulin adalah lebih tinggi tetapi aras adiponektin adalah lebih rendah dalam tikus HCHF berbanding tikus normal. Kesimpulannya, hormon memainkan peranan dalam mengawalatur metabolisme lipid dan glukosa dalam MetS.

Kata kunci: Adiponektin; glukosa; insulin; leptin; lipid

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*Corresponding author; email: imasoel@ppukm.ukm.edu.my