Sains Malaysiana 48(12)(2019): 2709–2715

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2019-4812-12

Perceived Oral Health Status and Its Association with Oral Health-Related Quality of Life of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis - A Pilot Study

(Persepsi Status Kesihatan Oral dan Sekutuannya dengan Kualiti Hidup Berkaitan Kesihatan Oral

dalam Kalangan Pesakit Artritis Reumatoid - Suatu Kajian Awal)

LIM CHING CHING¹, WAN MAJDIAH WAN MOHAMAD^1,3, NORKHAFIZAH SADDKI^1,3* & WAN SYAMIMEE WAN GHAZALI^2,3

¹School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan Darul Naim, Malaysia

²Department of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan Darul Naim, Malaysia

³Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan Darul Naim, Malaysia

Received: 15 April 2019/Accepted: 7 October 2019

ABSTRACT

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that affects not only the joints, but also other organ systems including the oral cavity. Studies have demonstrated an association between RA and oral disease, in particular periodontal disease. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine self-reported oral health problems among RA patients and its association with oral health-related quality of life. A total of 67 RA patients attending the Rheumatology Clinic, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia participated in this study. Self-administered questionnaires including the Malay version of Short Oral Health Impact Profile [S-OHIP(M)] questionnaire were used to obtain the variables of interests. Most patients perceived their oral health status as good or very good (70.2%) although some reported having at least one oral health problem (40.3%). Commonly reported oral health problems were cavitated tooth (16.4%), swollen gums (16.4%), bad breath (14.9%), and bleeding gums (13.4%). Some patients have lost all upper teeth (32.8%) and all lower teeth (28.4%). The median S-OHIP(M) score was 3.00 (IQR 7.00). With regard to prevalence of impact, item discomfort due to food getting stuck has the highest prevalence of 13.4%, followed by avoided eating certain foods (7.5%). No significant association was found between median S-OHIP(M) score and self-reported oral health problem among RA patients, but a significant association was found between median S-OHIP(M) score and perceived oral health status (P=0.013). In conclusion, oral health problems were common in RA patients, and the association between patients' oral health perceptions and severity of impact from oral problems was apparent.

Keywords: Oral health; quality of life; rheumatoid arthritis

ABSTRAK

Artritis reumatoid (RA) adalah penyakit autoimun yang menjejaskan bukan sahaja sendi, tetapi juga sistem organ lain termasuk kaviti oral. Kajian telah menunjukkan hubungan antara RA dan penyakit oral, khususnya penyakit periodontium. Kajian keratan rentas ini bertujuan untuk menentukan masalah kesihatan oral dalam kalangan pesakit RA dan hubungannya dengan kualiti hidup berkaitan kesihatan oral. Sejumlah 67 orang pesakit RA yang hadir ke Klinik Reumatologi, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia mengambil bahagian dalam kajian ini. Borang soal selidik isi sendiri termasuk soal selidik Profil Impak Kesihatan Oral versi Bahasa Melayu [S-OHIP(M)] digunakan untuk memperoleh variabel yang diingini. Kebanyakan pesakit menganggap status kesihatan oral mereka sebagai baik atau sangat baik (70.2%) walaupun sesetengah melaporkan mempunyai sekurang-kurangnya satu masalah kesihatan oral (40.3%). Masalah kesihatan oral yang kerap dilaporkan adalah gigi berlubang (16.4%), gusi bengkak (16.4%), nafas berbau busuk (14.9%) dan gusi berdarah (13.4%). Sesetengah pesakit telah kehilangan semua gigi atas (32.8%) dan semua gigi bawah (28.4%). Skor median S-OHIP(M) adalah 3.00 (IQR 7.00). Berkenaan prevalens impak, item tidak selesa disebabkan makanan terlekat mempunyai prevalens tertinggi iaitu 13.4%, diikuti dengan mengelak daripada memakan makanan tertentu (7.5%). Tiada hubungan signifikan ditemui antara skor median S-OHIP(M) dan masalah kesihatan oral dalam kalangan pesakit RA, tetapi hubungan signifikan ditemui antara skor median S-OHIP(M) dan tanggapan status kesihatan oral (P=0.013). Sebagai kesimpulan, masalah kesihatan oral adalah kerap dalam kalangan pesakit RA dan hubungan antara tanggapan kesihatan oral oleh pesakit dan keterukan impak daripada masalah kesihatan oral adalah jelas.

Kata kunci: Artritis reumatoid; kesihatan oral; kualiti hidup

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*Corresponding author; email: fizah@usm.my