Sains Malaysiana 48(1)(2019): 199–208

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2019-4801-23

Applicability of Iron (III) Trimesic (Fe-BTC) to Enhance Lignin Separation from Pulp and Paper Wastewater

(Kebolehgunaan Besi (III) Trimesik (Fe-BTC) untuk Peningkatan Pemisahan Lignin daripada Air Sisa Pulpa dan Kertas)

BHUCKCHANYA PANGKUMHANG^1,2, PANITAN JUTAPORN^1,2, KWANNAPAT SORACHOTI³,

PUMMARIN KHAMDAHSAG^4,5 & VISANU TANBOONCHUY^1,2,5*

¹Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand

²Research Center for Environmental and Hazardous Substance Management (EHSM), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand

³International Programs in Hazardous Substance and Environmental Management, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand

⁴Environmental Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand

⁵Research Program on Development of Appropriate Technologies for Coloring Agent Removal from Textile Dyeing, Pulp & Paper, Sugar Industries for Sustainable Management Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management (HSM), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand

Received: 26 April 2018/Accepted: 29 August 2018

ABSTRACT

This study assesses the application of iron (III) trimesic (Fe-BTC) as a coagulant-flocculant to remove lignin from pulp and paper (P&P) wastewater. In this research, Fe-BTC was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), while the functional groups of Fe-BTC and lignin were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) determined the surface morphology of the material. The influential parameters affecting lignin removal included the initial lignin concentration, the quantity of Fe-BTC, and the pH which were investigated using a single batch mixing system. The experimental and optimum operational conditions were determined using Box-Behnken design (BBD). Fe-BTC dosage plays a major role in efficiently removing lignin, while the pH and initial lignin concentration had no significant effect. Greater than 80% removal efficiency could be achieved with a Fe-BTC dosage as low as 2 g/L. The proposed mechanism of lignin aggregation was that Fe molecules were released from unsaturated sites of Fe-BTC and then formed new bonds with O in the methoxy lignin group. The interaction between Fe-BTC and lignin was π-π stacking (benzene ring), which explains the formation of F-O bonds in the lignin sludge.

Keywords: Box-Behnken design; Fe-BTC; lignin; metal-organic frameworks; MOFs; pulp and paper

ABSTRAK

Kajian ini menilai penggunaan besi (III) trimesik (Fe-BTC) sebagai bahan penggumpal untuk menyingkirkan lignin daripada air sisa pulpa dan kertas (P&P). Dalam kajian ini, Fe-BTC dicirikan oleh pembelauan sinar-x (XRD) manakala kumpulan fungsian Fe-BTC dan lignin dianalisis melalui spektroskopi transformasi Fourier inframerah (FT-IR). Mikroskop Elektron Imbasan (SEM) menentukan morfologi permukaan untuk bahan. Parameter penting yang menyebabkan penyingkiran lignin adalah termasuk kepekatan pemula lignin, kuantiti Fe-BTC dan pH yang dikaji menggunakan sistem campuran kelompok tunggal. Syarat uji kaji dan pengoperasian optimum telah ditentukan dengan menggunakan reka bentuk Box-Behnken (BBD). Dos Fe-BTC memainkan peranan penting dalam menyingkirkan lignin dengan cekap, manakala pH dan kepekatan pemula lignin tidak menunjukkan kesan yang ketara. Lebih daripada 80% kecekapan penyingkiran boleh dicapai dengan dos Fe-BTC serendah 2 g/L. Mekanisme cadangan daripada pengagregatan lignin adalah bahawa Fe molekul dibebaskan dari unsatured tapak Fe-BTC dan kemudian membentuk ikatan baharu dengan O dalam kumpulan lignin metoksi. Interaksi antara Fe-BTC dan lignin ialah susunan π-π (gelang benzena) yang menjelaskan pembentukan ikatan F-O dalam enap-cemar lignin.

Kata kunci: Fe-BTC; lignin; MOFs; pulpa dan kertas; rangka kerja logam-organik; reka bentuk Box-Behnken

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*Corresponding author; email: visanu@kku.ac.th