Sains Malaysiana 48(2)(2019): 337–345

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2019-4802-10

Evaluation of Trace Elements in Malay Women with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

(Penilaian terhadap Unsur Surih dalam Kalangan Wanita Melayu dengan Diabetes Melitus Jenis 2)

MOHAMMED NASHIRY¹, ISMARULYUSDA ISHAK¹*, JAMALUDIN MOHAMED¹, SITI BALKIS BUDIN¹, MOHD FAIRULNIZAL M.N.², SAZLINA KAMARALZAMAN¹ & HESHAM M. AL-MEKHLAFI³

¹Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

²Nutrition Unit, Cardiovascular, Diabetes, and Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Medical Research, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

³Medical Research Centre, Jazan University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Received: 20 June 2018/Accepted: 3 October 2018

ABSTRACT

Trace elements are essential for human health. This study determines the level of chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), copper (Cu), ferrum (Fe) and manganese (Mn) in the hair and nails of married Malay women with type 2 diabetes mellitus from Hulu Langat, Selangor, Malaysia. The trace elements were analysed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after an acid digestion treatment. The levels of all trace elements measured were higher in the hair samples than in nails except for Se. Mean levels of Zn and Se were significantly higher in the hair of non-working women (84.91 ± 10.32 μg/g and 0.42 ± 0.15 μg/g, respectively) compared to working women (64.98 ± 11.10 μg/g and 0.30 ± 0.18 μg/g). Copper levels in hair were significantly higher among women with good and satisfactory diabetes control (20.41 ± 4.20 μg/g) compared to the poor diabetes control group (15.67 ± 4.31 μg/g). However, a contradictory result was obtained from the nails of women with good and satisfactory diabetes control with a Cu level of 3.35 ± 0.46 μg/g and 4.69 ± 0.33 μg/g for the poor diabetes control group. In hair samples, significant positive correlations were obtained with Cr-Cu (r = 0.55), Zn-Mn (r = 0.46) and Se-Mn (r = 0.38). In nails, significant positive correlations were also obtained between Cr-Zn (r = 0.31), Zn-Fe (r = 0.30) and Fe-Mn (r = 0.47). In conclusion, age, educational status, number of children and duration of diabetes did not influence trace elements levels.

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus; female; HbA1c; ICP-MS; trace elements

ABSTRAK

Unsur surih adalah penting untuk kesihatan manusia. Kajian ini akan menentukan tahap kromium, zink (Zn), selenium (Se), kuprum (Cu), ferum (Fe) dan mangan (Mn) dalam rambut dan kuku wanita Melayu yang sudah berkahwin dengan diabetes melitus jenis 2 dari Hulu Langat, Selangor, Malaysia. Unsur surih telah dianalisis dengan menggunakan spektrometri jisim plasma gandingan aruhan (ICP-MS) selepas rawatan asid penghadaman. Tahap semua unsur surih yang diukur adalah lebih tinggi dalam sampel rambut daripada kuku kecuali Se. Tahap min Zn dan Se adalah jauh lebih tinggi dalam rambut wanita tidak bekerja (masing-masing 84.91 ± 10.32 μg/g dan 0.42 ± 0.15 μg/g,) berbanding wanita bekerja (64.98 ± 11.10 μg/g dan 0.30 ± 0.18 μg/g). Tahap kuprum dalam rambut adalah jauh lebih tinggi dalam kalangan wanita dengan kawalan diabetes yang baik dan memuaskan (20.41 ± 4.20 μg/g) berbanding dengan kumpulan kawalan diabetes melitus yang tidak dikawal (15.67 ± 4.31 μg/g). Walau bagaimanapun, keputusan bercanggah telah diperoleh daripada kuku wanita dengan kawalan diabetes yang baik dan memuaskan dengan tahap Cu ialah 3.35 ± 0.46 μg/g dan 4.69 ± 0.33 μg/g bagi kumpulan kawalan diabetes melitus yang tidak dikawal. Pada sampel rambut, korelasi positif yang signifikan diperoleh dengan Cr-Cu (r = 0.55), Zn-Mn (r = 0.46) dan Se-Mn (r = 0.38). Pada kuku, korelasi positif yang signifikan juga diperoleh antara Cr-Zn (r = 0.31), Zn-Fe (r = 0,30) dan Fe-Mn (r = 0.47). Kesimpulannya, umur, tahap pendidikan, bilangan anak dan tempoh diabetes tidak mempengaruhi tahap unsur surih.

Kata kunci: Diabetes melitus; HbA1c; ICP-MS; perempuan; unsur surih

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*Corresponding author; email: ismarul@ukm.edu.my