Sains Malaysiana 48(3)(2019): 607–612

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2019-4803-13

 

Muscle Size and Strength Benefits of Functional Electrical Stimulation-Evoked Cycling Dosage in Spinal Cord Injury: A Narrative Review

(Faedah Dos Rangsangan-Elektrik Berfungsi Berbasikal terhadap Saiz dan Kekuatan Otot pada Kecederaan Saraf Tunjang: Suatu Kajian Naratif)

 

NURHAIDA ROSLEY1, NUR AZAH HAMZAID2, NAZIRAH HASNAN3, GLEN M DAVIS4 & HAIDZIR MANAF*1

 

1Centre of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences Universiti Teknologi MARA (Puncak Alam Campus), 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

 

2Department of Biomdical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

 

3Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

 

4Department of Clinical Exercise and Rehabilitation Unit, Faculty of Health Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown NSW 2006, Australia

 

Received: 19 July 2017/Accepted: 9 January 2019

 

ABSTRACT

Loss of sensory motor function is one of the main causes of physical and activity limitations among individual with spinal cord injury (SCI). SCI may lead to muscle paralysis, weakness and disused muscle atrophy. Evidences have shown electrical stimulation and strengthening exercise might improve lower limb muscle strength and size among individual with SCI. Functional electrical stimulation (FES) evoked cycling is one of the methods that can elicit leg muscle contractions in order to produce a cycling motion and promote the integrity of the involved muscles. Therefore, this review is to synthesize the scientific literature regarding the effects of multiple dosages of FES-evoked lower limb cycling on muscle properties. A systematic literature search from 1946 to 2016 was performed. From over 1,139 articles retrieved from the database, about 31 potentially relevant articles were retained for possible inclusion. However, only 10 articles out of 31 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Although the available evidence is compelling, there is insufficient quantity and quality evidence to draw conclusions regarding the specific parameter of FES-CE that may optimally increase muscle strength, mass, and circumference. However, it can be safely concluded that an effective training session would spend for 45-60 min, 3 times a week for at least 4 weeks to see changes in muscle size and strength.

 

Keywords: Cycling exercise; functional electrical stimulation; muscle strength; spinal cord injury

 

ABSTRAK

Kehilangan fungsi deria motor adalah salah satu punca kepada pembatasan fizikal dan aktiviti dalam kalangan individu yang mengalami kecederaan saraf tunjang. Kecederaan saraf tujang boleh mengakibatkan kelumpuhan otot, kelemahan dan ketidakgunaan otot atau atrofi. Bukti menunjukkan stimulasi elektrik dan senaman kekuatan otot boleh memperbaiki saiz dan kekuatan otot bahagian kaki dalam kalangan individu yang mengalami kecederaan saraf tunjang. Sistem berbasikal rangsangan FES adalah salah satu metod yang boleh merangsang kontraksi otot kaki untuk menghasilkan pergerakan berbasikal dan meningkatkan integriti otot yang terlibat. Oleh itu, kajian ini adalah bertujuan untuk mensintesis kepustakaan saintifik untuk mengkaji kesan pelbagai dos rangsangan FES untuk anggota bawah berbasikal pada sifat otot. Satu carian kepustakaan secara sistematik telah dijalankan dari 1946 hingga 2016. Daripada 1,139 artikel yang didapati daripada pangkalan data, 31 artikel yang berpotensi telah dikekalkan mengikut kebarangkalian inklusi. Walau bagaimanapun, hanya 10 artikel daripada 31 artikel memenuhi kriteria rangkuman. Walaupun bukti yang didapati sangat menarik perhatian, namun kuantiti dan kualitinya tidak mencukupi untuk dijadikan kesimpulan berkaitan dengan parameter khusus FES-CE yang mampu meningkatkan kekuatan, jisim dan ukur lilit otot secara optimum. Namun, ia selamat untuk disimpulkan bahawa keberkesanan suatu sesi latihan mengambil masa 45-60 minit, 3 kali seminggu untuk sekurang-kurangnya 4 minggu untuk melihat perubahan saiz dan kekuatan otot.

 

Kata kunci: Kecederaan saraf tunjang; kekuatan otot; rangsangan elektrik berfungsi; senaman berbasikal

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*Corresponding author; email: haidzir5894@uitm.edu.my

 

 

 

 

 

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