Sains Malaysiana 48(3)(2019): 629–635

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2019-4803-16

In vivo Analgesic, Antipyretic and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Ethanol Extract of Pericampylus glaucus in Experimental Animals

(Aktiviti Analgesik, Antipiretik dan Anti-Radang secara in vivo Ekstrak Etanol daripada Pericampylus glaucus pada Haiwan Uji Kaji)

MUHAMMAD KIFAYATULLAH*, HAROON RAHIM, NAEEM ULLAH JAN, KAMRAN AHMAD CHISHTI, IRFAN ULLAH & SUDAIR ABBAS

Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Sciences, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan

Received: 7 July 2018/Accepted: 29 November 2018

ABSTRACT

Pericampylus glaucus is a common Malaysian plant used traditionally in the treatments of joint pain, abdominal pain and headache. Hence, the present research was aimed to evaluate ethanolic extract of Pericampylus glaucus for analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory activities in experimental animals. The central and peripheral analgesic activity was determined by acetic acid induced writhing and hot plate method by examining the number of writhing and paw licking or jumping time. Meanwhile, the antipyretic activity was determined by Brewer’s yeast- test that induced pyrexia and carrageenan- that induced hind paw inflammation was used for anti-inflammatory activities. The ethanolic extract of Pericampylus glaucus at doses (300 and 600 mg/kg b.wt) and Ibuprofen (100 mg/kg (b.wt) was used as a reference drug in the whole experiment. Intraperitoneal administration of Pericampylus glaucus produced significant (p<0.01) inhibition in writhing response in acetic acid induced writhing test and dose-dependent (p<0.001) prolonged paw licking in hot plate test as compared to control (normal saline treated group). Similarly, significant (p<0.001) attenuation in lowering rectal temperature was noted in animal groups that were treated with ethanolic extract of Pericampylus glaucus at different doses. The attenuation was, almost the same as produced by ibuprofen treated group. Furthermore, Pericampylus glaucus extract also produced significant reduction in hind paw edema (p<0.001), 4 h after administration of carrageenan and inhibition was 60.19% and 42.17% as compared to control (normal saline treated group). The findings of this study indicated that Pericampylus glaucus possess significant analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory activities and could possibly be used in the management of fever, pain and inflammation.

Keywords: Analgesic; anti-inflammatory; antipyretic; ethanolic extract; Pericampylus glaucus

ABSTRAK

Pericampylus glaucus adalah tumbuhan yang biasa digunakan secara tradisi dalam rawatan sakit sendi, sakit badan dan sakit kepala. Oleh yang demikian, penyelidikan ini bertujuan untuk menilai ekstrak etanol Pericampylus glaucus untuk aktiviti analgesik, antipiretik dan anti-radang pada haiwan uji kaji. Aktiviti analgesik pusat dan periferal ditentukan oleh asid asetik bergelut teraruh dan kaedah plat panas dengan memeriksa kadar bergelut dan menjilat tapak kaki atau masa lompatan. Manakala aktiviti antipiretik ditentukan melalui ujian yis Brewer yang mengaruh pireksia dan karaginan - yang mengaruh inflamasi tapak kaki belakang digunakan untuk aktiviti antiradang. Ekstrak etanol Pericampylus glaucus pada dos (300 dan 600 mg/kg b.wt) dan ibuprofen (100 mg/kg b.wt) telah digunakan sebagai dadah rujukan pada uji kaji keseluruhan. Pemberian intraperitoneum Pericampylus glaucus menghasilkan perencatan tindak balas bergelut yang signifikan (p<0.01) dalam ujian bergelut asid asetik dan berkeperluan dos (p<0.001) menjilat tapak kaki berpanjangan dalam ujian plat panas berbanding kawalan (kumpulan terawat salin normal). Begitu juga, signifikan (p<0.001) pelemahan hidrologi merendahkan suhu rektum telah dicatat dalam kelompok haiwan yang telah dirawat dengan ekstrak ethanolic Pericampylus glaucus pada dos yang berbeza. Pengecilan ini hampir sama seperti yang dihasilkan oleh kelompok yang dirawat menggunakan Ibuprofen. Selain itu, ekstrak Pericampylus glaucus juga menghasilkan pengurangan ketara dalam edema di simpul telapak belakang (p<0.001), 4 jam selepas pemberian carrageenan dan kesan 60.19 dan 42.17% berbanding kawalan (kelompok salina normal terawat). Keputusan kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa Pericampylus glaucus mempunyai nilai analgesik, antipiretik dan anti-radang yang penting dan mungkin boleh digunakan untuk merawat demam, sakit dan inflamasi.

Kata kunci: Analgesik; anti-radang; antipiretik; ekstrak etanol; Pericampylus glaucus

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*Corresponding author; email: kifayatpharma86@yahoo.com