Sains Malaysiana 48(6)(2019): 1179–1185

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2019-4806-04

 

High Sensitivity Au-based Kretschmann Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor for Urea Detection

(Sensor Resonans Plasmon Permukaan Kretschmann berasaskan Au Berkepekaan Tinggi untuk Pengesanan Urea)

 

P. SUSTHITHA MENON1*, FAIRUS ATIDA SAID1, GAN SIEW MEI1, MOHD AMBRI MOHAMED1, AHMAD RIFQI MD ZAIN1,2, SAHBUDIN SHAARI1 & BURHANUDDIN YEOP MAJLIS1

 

1Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

 

2Harvard John A Paulson, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States of America

 

Received: 16 July 2018/Accepted: 26 October 2018

 

ABSTRACT

Kretschmann-based Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) optical sensor was applied to detect the presence of kidney wastes such as urea in solutions. To enhance the sensitivity of the SPR sensor, nanolaminated gold film (thickness of 50 nm) was used. In this work, the SPR response to urea in various concentrations were measured and investigated using optical wavelengths of 670 nm and 785 nm. The signals were compared between pure urea solution versus mixed solution in the presence of the 0.227 μmol urease enzyme. The proposed mixed solution is to eliminate doping and gel entrapment process for enzyme immobilization in conventional method. Angular interrogation technique was used to measure the sensor performance in urea detection using pure and mixed solutions with urea concentration of 0 - 800 mM. Upon exposure to mixed solution using 785 nm optical wavelength, the nanolaminated gold film exhibited higher SPR sensitivity as much as 7.8 M-1 than a pure urea solution (1.4 M-1). The coupling activity between urea and urease molecules in the mixed solution near the nanolaminated gold film surface lead to sensitivity enhancement. Angle shifting of mixed solution on 50 nm-thick nanolaminated gold film using 670 nm optical wavelength was greater by ~50% compared to 785 nm. Sensorgram data shows a steady and linear increment in SPR incident angle shifting when urea concentration increased. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that Kretschmann-based SPR has been used for urea sensing at 670 nm and 785 nm optical wavelengths.

 

Keywords: Nanolaminated gold film; surface plasmon resonance; urea; urease enzyme

 

ABSTRAK

Biosensor optik resonans plasmon permukaan (SPR) yang berasaskan Kretschmann digunakan untuk mengesan kehadiran bahan buangan buah pinggang seperti urea dalam larutan. Bagi meningkatkan kepekaan sensor SPR, filem emas nanolaminasi (ketebalan 50 nm) telah digunakan. Dalam kertas ini, tindak balas SPR terhadap urea dalam pelbagai kepekatan diukur dan dikaji menggunakan panjang gelombang optik 670 nm dan 785 nm. Isyarat yang diperoleh dibandingkan antara larutan urea tulen dan campuran larutan urea dan urease (0.227 μmol). Campuran larutan yang dicadangkan adalah untuk mengantikan kaedah konvensional seperti proses pengedopan dan pemerangkapan gel untuk pemegunan enzim. Teknik pemisitan sudut digunakan untuk mengukur prestasi sensor dalam pengesanan urea menggunakan larutan urea tulen dan campuran larutan urea/urease dengan kepekatan urea 0-800 mM. Apabila didedahkan kepada larutan campuran urea/urease menggunakan panjang gelombang optik 785 nm, filem emas nanolaminasi menunjukkan sensitiviti SPR yang lebih tinggi sebanyak 7.8 M-1 berbanding larutan urea tulen (1.4 M-1). Aktiviti pengandingan antara molekul urea dan urease berhampiran permukaan filem emas nanolaminasi boleh dikaitkan dengan peningkatan sensitiviti sensor. Anjakan sudut resonans campuran larutan urea/urease pada filem emas nanolaminasi 50 nm dengan menggunakan panjang gelombang optik 670 nm lebih besar sebanyak ~50% berbanding dengan 785 nm. Data sensorgram menunjukkan kenaikan mantap dan linear dalam anjakan sudut resoanans SPR apabila kepekatan urea meningkat. Ini merupakan kali pertama SPR yang berasaskan Kretschamnn telah digunakan untuk sensor urea menggunakan panjang gelombang optik 670 nm dan 785 nm.

 

Kata kunci: Enzim urease; filem emas nanolaminas; resonans plasmon permukaan; urea

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*Corresponding author; email: susi@ukm.edu.my

 

 

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