Sains Malaysiana 49(4)(2020): 743-754

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2020-4904-03

Managing Dengue Disaster: Uncovering Paramount Community Elements for DNA Sensory Tool Accessibility in Malaysia

(Menangani Bencana Denggi: Mengenal Pasti Kepentingan Unsur Komuniti untuk Alat Mengakses Sensori DNA di Malaysia)

NUR-FADHILAH MAZLAN¹, LING LING TAN¹, MOHAMMAD IMAM HASAN REZA², GOH CHOO TA^1*, NURUL HUDA ABD. KARIM³ & LEE YOOK HENG^1,3

¹Southeast Asia Disaster Prevention Research Initiative (SEADPRI-UKM), Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

²Presidency Education, 51 Panchlaish R/A, 4203 Chittagong, Bangladesh

³School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Received: 16 October 2018/Accepted: 24 December 2019

ABSTRACT

In this study, communities' psychosocial judgements (relationship, awareness, responsibility, and attitude) were evaluated in relation to DNA-based dengue kit accessibility. It was carried out by handing out 100 structured questionnaires (Kajang Housing (KjH): 40, Kajang Industrial (KjI): 40, Kuala Selangor (KuS): 20). From our descriptive analyses, KuS respondents exhibited a closer relationship with their neighbours (100%) compared to other respondents. KjH, KjI and KuS respondents know very little about dengue vector species. While KjH is leading the other two study areas, KjI and KuS in terms of knowing all symptoms associated with dengue fever (DF), KuS shows more interest to participate in dengue campaigns and/or prevention and control programs compared to KjH and KjI. Not more than 25% of total respondents are willing to offer transportation or nurturing their neighbours back to health. While KjI is more confident to use DNA biosensor when outside of their community, not more than 35% of total respondents are confident enough to use it within their neighbourhood. All communities, especially the affected ones, should take a proactive step by making use of DNA biosensor as an early warning tool, in conjunction with good psychosocial behaviours towards dengue, to achieve sustainable health promotion in managing dengue disaster.

Keywords: Community-based health promotion; dengue disaster; dengue kit; Malaysia; psychosocial evaluation; Selangor

ABSTRAK

Dalam kajian ini, pertimbangan psikososial komuniti (perhubungan, kesedaran, tanggungjawab dan sikap) berhubung dengan kebolehcapaian kit denggi berasaskan DNA dinilai. Ia dijalankan dengan mengedar 100 keping soal selidik (Perumahan Kajang (KjH): 40, Perindustrian Kajang (KjI): 40, Kuala Selangor (KuS): 20). Daripada analisis huraian kami, responden KuS menunjukkan hubungan kejiranan yang lebih rapat (100%) berbanding dengan responden lain. Sangat sedikit responden KjH, KjI dan KuS yang tahu tentang spesies vektor denggi. Meskipun KjH mendahului dua kawasan kajian lain, KjI dan KuS dengan mengetahui kesemua simptom yang berkaitan dengan demam denggi (DF), KuS menampakkan minat yang lebih untuk menyertai kempen dan/atau program pencegahan dan kawalan denggi berbanding KjH dan KjI. Tidak lebih daripada 25% responden sanggup menawarkan pengangkutan atau menjaga jiran sehingga kembali sihat. Meskipun KjI lebih yakin menggunakan biosensor DNA apabila berada di luar komuniti mereka, tidak lebih 35% daripada jumlah responden cukup yakin menggunakannya dalam kejiranan. Kesemua komuniti, terutamanya yang terjejas, seharusnya mengambil langkah proaktif dengan menggunakan sepenuhnya biosensor DNA sebagai alat amaran awal, seiring dengan tingkah laku psikososial yang bagus terhadap denggi, bagi mencapai promosi kesihatan yang mampan dalam menangani bencana denggi.

Kata kunci: Bencana denggi; kit denggi; Malaysia; penilaian psikososial; promosi kesihatan berasaskan komuniti; Selangor

REFERENCES

Ab-Fatah, M., Subenthiran, S., Abdul-Rahman, P., Saat, Z. & Thayan, R. 2015. Research note dengue serotype surveillance among patients admitted for dengue in two major hospitals in Selangor, Malaysia. Tropical Biomedicine 32(1): 187-191.

Abdullah, M.N., Wan Azib, W.N.H., Mohd Harun, M.F. & Burhanuddin, M.A. 2013. Reliability and construct validity of knowledge, attitude and practice on dengue fever prevention questionnaire. American International Journal of Contemporary Research 3(5): 69-75.

Abdullah, N.C. 2005. The Application of Existing Laws in Malaysia to Control Dengue Fever and HIV/AIDS. Institute of Research, Development & Commercialisation (IRDC), Universiti Teknologi MARA.

Al-Dubai, S.A.R., Ganasegeran, K., Alwan, M.R., Alshagga, M.A. & Saif-Ali, R. 2013. Factors affecting dengue fever knowledge, attitudes and practices among selected urban, semi-urban and rural communities in Malaysia. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 44(1): 37-49.

Anon. 2017a. MPKj: Public must help check dengue spread in Hulu Langat. Accessed on 19 October 2017. The Star Online.

Anon. 2017b. Dengue still a threat, with 29 deaths and 18,534 cases in S'gor this year. Accessed on 19 October 2017. The Star Online.

Anon. 2017. Federal Government Offers to 'Clean Up' Selangor-to Reduce Dengue Cases. https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2017/10/291070/federal-government-offers-clean-selangor-reduce-dengue-cases. 19 October 2017. New Straits Times.

Anon. 2015. Don’t blame us for not detecting dengue in patients earlier, say docs. Accessed on 18 October 2017. The Star Online.

Awang, A. 2010. Perubahan habitat manusia dan persekitaran serta implikasinya terhadap penyakit dan kesihatan serta pengurusannya. International Journal of the Malay World and Civilisation 28(2): 195-209.

Azfar, N.A., Malik, L.M., Jamil, A., Jahangir, M., Tirmizi, N., Majid, A., Ashraf, M. & Malik, M. 2012. Cutaneous manifestations in patients of dengue fever. Journal of Pakistan Association of Dermatologists 22(4): 320-324.

Bernama. 2017. Selangor Records Highest Dengue Cases So Far. http://bernama.com/bernama/v8/newsindex.php?id=1399017. 19 October 2017.

Bhatnagar, P.K., Garg, S.K., Bano, T. & Jain, S. 2016. Knowledge, attitude and practice regarding dengue and chikungunya in secondary school children in a city of North India. European Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research 3(11): 423-428.

Chadee, D.D. 2013. Resting behaviour of Aedes aegypti in Trinidad: With evidence for the re-introduction of indoor residual spraying (IRS) for dengue control. Parasites and Vectors 6(1): e255.

Chen, C., Nazni, W., Lee, H. & Sofian-Azirun, M. 2005. Susceptibility of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus to temephos in four study sites in Kuala Lumpur City Center and Selangor State, Malaysia. Tropical Biomedicine 22(2): 207-216.

Chew, M.H., Rahman, M.M., Jelip, J., Hassan, M.R. & Isahak, I. 2012. All serotypes of dengue viruses circulating in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Current Research Journal of Biological Sciences 4(2): 229-234.

Chiaravalloti Neto, F., Fiorin, A.M., Conversani, D.T., Cesarino, M.B., Barbosa, A.A., Dibo, M.R., Morais, M.S., Baglini, V., Ferraz, A.A., Rosa, R.S., Battigaglia, M. & Cardoso Jr., R.P. 2003. Dengue vector control and community participation in Catanduva, Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Cadernos de Saúde Pública 19(6): 1739-1749.

Er, A.C., Rosli, M.H., Asmahani, A., Mohamad Naim, M.R. & Harsuzilawati, M. 2010. Spatial mapping of dengue incidence: A case study in Hulu Langat District, Selangor, Malaysia. International Scholarly and Scientific Research and Innovation 4(7): 251-255.

Ferreira, G.L. 2012. Global dengue epidemiology trends. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 54(18): 5-6.

Ghafar, N.A. & Shah, S.A. 2017. Validity and reliability of an instrument assessing the associated factors for preventive behaviour towards dengue. International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health 4(2): 340-347.

Gibbons, R.V. & Vaughn, D.W. 2002. Dengue: An escalating problem. BMJ: British Medical Journal 324(7353): 1563-1566.

Gubler, D.J. 1998. Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 11(3): 480-496.

Guha-Sapir, D. & Schimmer, B. 2005. Dengue fever: New paradigms for a changing epidemiology. Emerging Themes in Epidemiology 2(1): 1-10.

Hairi, F., Ong, C.H., Suhaimi, A., Tsung, T.W., Bin Anis Ahmad, M.A., Sundaraj, C. & Soe, M.M. 2003. A knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) study on dengue among selected rural communities in the Kuala Kangsar District. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 15(1): 37-43.

Hezri, A.A. & Hasan, M.N. 2004. Management framework for sustainable development indicators in the State of Selangor, Malaysia. Ecological Indicators 4(4): 287-304.

Indra, V. & Chong, E.L. 1982. Field trials on the effectiveness of bioresmethrin reslin 10/10 (R) on Aedes aegypti. The Medical Journal of Malaysia 37(4): 381-383.

Innis, B.L., Nisalak, A., Nimmannitya, S., Kusalerdchariya, S., Chongswasdi, V., Suntayakorn, S., Puttisri, P. & Hoke, C.H. 1989. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to characterize dengue infections where dengue and Japanese encephalitis co-circulate. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 40(4): 418-427.

Ishak, I.H., Jaal, Z., Ranson, H. & Wondji, C.S. 2015. Contrasting patterns of insecticide resistance and knockdown resistance (kdr) in the dengue vectors Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus from Malaysia. Parasites and Vectors 8(1): 181.

Jacobs, J., Fernandez, E., Merizalde, B., Avila-Montes, G. & Crothers, D. 2007. The use of homeopathic combination remedy for dengue fever symptoms: A pilot RCT in Honduras. Homeopathy 96: 22-26.

Jelinek, T. 2000. Dengue fever in international travellers. Clinical Infectious Diseases 31: 144-147.

Koenraadt, C.J., Tuiten, W., Sithiprasasna, R., Kijchalao, U., Jones, J.W. & Scott, T.W. 2006. Dengue knowledge and practices and their impact on Aedes aegypti populations in Kamphaeng Phet, Thailand. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 74(4): 692-700.

Leslie, T.E., Carson, M., Coeverden, E.V., De Klein, K., Braks, M. & Krumeich, A. 2017. An analysis of community perceptions of mosquito-borne disease control and prevention in Sint Eustatius, Caribbean Netherlands. Global Health Action 10: 1350394.

Liu, X., Farmerie, W., Schuster, S. & Tan, W. 2000. Molecular beacons for DNA biosensors with micrometer to submicrometer dimensions. Analytical Chemistry 283(1): 56-63.

Malhotra, B.D., Singhal, R., Chaubey, A., Sharma, S.K. & Kumar, A. 2005. Recent trends in biosensors. Current Applied Physics 5: 92-97.

Masron, T., Yaakob, U., Ayob, N.M. & Mokhtar, A.S. 2012. Population and spatial distribution of urbanisation in Peninsular Malaysia 1957-2000. Geografia: Malaysian Journal of Society and Space 8(2): 20-29.

Mazlan, N.F., Tan, L.L., Karim, N.H.A., Heng, L.Y.A. & Reza, M.I.H. 2017. Optical biosensing using newly synthesized metal salphen complexes: A potential DNA diagnostic tool. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 242: 176-188.

Mohamad, M., Selamat, M.I. & Ismail, Z. 2014. Factors associated with larval control practices in a dengue outbreak prone area. Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2014: 459173.

Mohd-Zaki, A.H., Brett, J., Ismail, E. & L’azou, M. 2014. Epidemiology of dengue disease in Malaysia (2000-2012): A systematic literature review. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases8(11): e3159.

Mondini, A. & Chiaravalloti Neto, F. 2007. Socioeconomic variables and dengue transmission. Revista de Saúde Pública 41(6): 923-930.

Mulligan, K., Elliott, S.J. & Schuster-Wallace, C.J. 2012. Global public health policy transfer and dengue fever in Putrajaya, Malaysia: A critical discourse analysis. Critical Public Health 22(4): 407-418.

Nelson, S.B., Ashok, V.G., Nazer, M. & Madhumitha, R. 2017. Knowledge regarding mosquito borne diseases & control measures practiced among a rural population in a southern district of Tamil Nadu, South India. International Journal of Public Health Research 4(1): 9-12.

Nur Ain, M., Azfar, M., Omarulharis, S., Azfar, H., Maryam, A., Hafizah, S., Adibah, B.A.H. & Akmal, N. 2017. Knowledge, attitude and practice of dengue prevention among suburban community in Sepang, Selangor. International Journal of Public Health and Clinical Sciences 4(2): 73-83.

Pang, E.L. & Loh, H.S. 2016. Current perspectives on dengue episode in Malaysia. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 9(4): 395-401.

Parab, H.J., Jung, C., Lee, J.H. & Park, H.G. 2010. A gold nanorod-based optical DNA biosensor for the diagnosis of pathogens. Biosensors and Bioelectronics 26(2): 667-673.

Parks, W. & Lloyd, L. 2004. Planning Social Mobilization and Communication for Dengue Fever Prevention and Control: A Step-By-Step Guide. Geneva: World Health Organization.

Pejabat Daerah/Tanah Hulu Langat 2018. Senarai Ketua Kampung Daerah Hulu Langat Tahun 2015-2017. http://www2.selangor.gov.my/hululangat.php/pages/view/141?mid=156. 24 January 2018.

Sahani, M., Othman, H., Nor, N.A.M., Hod, R., Ali, Z.M., Rasidi, M.N.M. & Choy, E.A. 2012. Kajian ekologi nyamuk Aedes di Senawang, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia (Ecology survey on Aedes mosquito in Senawang, Negeri Sembilan). Sains Malaysiana 41(2): 261-269.

Sanchez, L., Perez, D., Perez, T., Sosa, T., Cruz, G., Kouri, G., Boelaert, M. & Van Der Stuyft, P. 2005. Intersectoral coordination in Aedes aegypti control. A pilot project in Havana City, Cuba. Tropical Medicine and International Health 10(1): 82-91.

Sanofi, P. 2016. First Dengue Vaccine Approved in More Than 10 Countries. http://www.sanofipasteur.com/en/articles/first_dengue_vaccine_approved_in_more _than_10_countries.aspx. Accessed on 20 February 2017.

Santya, R.N.R.E., Ayu, G.A.K. & Rosita. 2017. Community efforts on dengue prevention in Sukabumi City, West Java Province. Jurnal Ekologi Kesehatan 15(3): 179-190.

Shekhar, K.C. & Huat, O.L. 1992. Epidemiology of dengue/dengue hemorrhagic fever in Malaysia - A retrospective epidemiological study. 1973-1987. Part II: Dengue fever (DF). Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 6(3): 126-133.

Suárez, R., González, C., Carrasquilla, G. & Quintero, J. 2009. An ecosystem perspective in the socio-cultural evaluation of dengue in two Colombian towns. Cadernos de Saúde Pública 25: S104-S114.

Swaddiwudhipong, W., Lerdlukanavonge, P., Khumklam, P., Koonchote, S., Nguntra, P. & Chaovakiratipong, C. 1992. A survey of knowledge, attitude and practice of the prevention of dengue hemorrhagic fever in an urban community of Thailand. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 23(2): 207-211.

Tam, P.D., Van Hieu, N., Chien, N.D., Le, A.T. & Tuan, M.A. 2009. DNA sensor development based on multi-wall carbon nanotubes for label-free influenza virus (type A) detection. Journal of Immunological Methods 350(1-2): 118-124.

Teng, A.K. & Singh, S. 2001. Epidemiology and new initiatives in the prevention and control of dengue in Malaysia. Dengue Bulletin 25: 7-12.

Van Benthem, B., Khantikul, N., Panart, K., Kessels, P., Somboon, P. & Oskam, L. 2002. Knowledge and use of prevention measures related to dengue in Northern Thailand. Tropical Medicine and International Health 7(11): 993-1000.

Weppelmann, T.A., Burne, A., Von Fricken, M.E., Elbadry, M.A., De Rochars, M.B., Boncy, J. & Okech, B.A. 2017. A tale of two flaviviruses: A seroepidemiological study of dengue virus and West Nile virus transmission in the Ouest and Sud-Est Departments of Haiti. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 96(1): 135-140.

World Health Organization. 2018. Health promotion. http://www.who.int/topics/health_promotion/en/. Accessed on 2 February 2018.

World Health Organization. 2017. Dengue and Severe Dengue. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs117/en/. Accessed on 1 June 2017.

World Health Organization 2009. Handbook: Quality Practices in Basic Biomedical Research. Geneva: World Health Organization.

Young, L.E. & Hayes, V. 2008. Transforming Health Promotion Practice: Concepts, Issues and Applications. Canada: University of Toronto Press and the Canadian Physiotherapy Association.

Zhang, J., Song, S., Wang, L., Pan, D. & Fan, C. 2007. A gold nanoparticle-based chronocoulometric DNA sensor for amplified detection of DNA. Nature Protocols 2: 2888-2895.

*Corresponding author; email: gohchoota@ukm.edu.my