Sains Malaysiana 49(6)(2020): 1209-1222

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2020-4906-01

 

Phenomenon of Macrophyte Differentiation in a Small Lake

(Fenomenon Pembezaan Makrofit di Suatu Tasik Kecil)

 

SENDER JOANNA1*, DANUTA URBAN2 & RÓŻAŃSKA-BOCZULA MONIKA3

 

1Department of Hydrobiology and Protection of Ecosystems, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Dobrzańskiego 37, 20-262 Lublin, Poland

 

2Instytute of Soil Science and Environmental Engineering and Management, Department of Biological Bases of Forestry, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Leszczyńskiego 7, 20-069 Lublin, Poland

 

3Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland, 28 Głęboka Street, 20-950 Lublin, Poland

 

Received: 17 December 2018/Accepted: 7 February 2020

 

ABSTRACT

The main objective of the research was to determine the causes of qualitative and quantitative variability of macrophytes within the lake. The study involved the analysis on factors warning their diversity, and also to understand if these factors were inside or outside the lake. In addition, attempts were made to indicate which group of macrophytes showing the strongest response to these factors. The determination of such factors will permit taking protective measures regarding the lake. Lake Głębokie Uścimowskie is located in the western part of the Łęczna-Włodawa Lake District (Poland). It is an eutrophic water body with a surface area of 20.5 ha and maximum depth 7.1 m. Lake Głębokie Uścimowskie is a small and shallow lake constituting a diverse habitat for macrophytes. The littoral slope, buffer zone slope, and buffer zone land use had the greatest impact on the macrophyte diversity of the lake. An increase in the value of these variables affected features such as helophyte biomass, helophyte range, and depth of macrophyte occurrence to the greatest degree. Wind direction, which influenced the number of nympheid species, was also highly correlated. The Secchi disc visibility variable had the strongest influence on submerged macrophytes. As a rule, in the studied lake, if the rushes zone was developed, the development of submerged macrophytes was limited. Poorly developed rushes were accompanied by greater variability among submerged macrophytes.

 

Keywords: Abiotic factors; differentiation; macrophytes; shallow lake; species morphology

 

ABSTRAK

Objektif utama penyelidikan ini adalah untuk menentukan punca variasi kualitatif dan kuantitatif makrofit di dalam tasik. Kajian ini melibatkan analisis mengenai faktor-faktor yang memperingatkan kepelbagaian mereka, dan juga untuk memahami adakah faktor-faktor ini berada di dalam atau di luar tasik. Selain itu, usaha dibuat untuk mengenal pasti kumpulan makrofit mana yang menunjukkan tindak balas paling kuat terhadap faktor-faktor ini. Penentuan faktor-faktor tersebut akan membenarkan pengambilan tindakan perlindungan terhadap tasik. Tasik Głębokie Uścimowskie terletak di bahagian barat Daerah Danau Łęczna-Włodawa (Poland). Ia adalah badan air eutrofik dengan luas permukaan 20.5 ha dan kedalaman maksimum 7.1 m. Tasik Głębokie Uścimowskie adalah tasik kecil dan dangkal yang terdiri daripada habitat yang pelbagai untuk makrofit. Lereng litoral, lereng zon penampan, dan tanah zon penampan memberi kesan terbesar terhadap kepelbagaian makrofit di dalam tasik. Peningkatan nilai pemboleh ubah ini mempengaruhi ciri-ciri seperti biojisim helofit, jarak helofit, dan kedalaman kehadiran makrofit hingga tahap yang paling besar. Arah angin, yang mempengaruhi bilangan spesies nimfa, juga sangat berkait. Pemboleh ubah penglihatan cakera Secchi mempunyai pengaruh paling kuat pada makrofit yang tenggelam. Sebagai peraturan, di tasik  yang dikaji, jika zon dikembangkan secara terburu-buru, perkembangan makrofit yang tenggelam adalah terbatas. Perkembangan yang kurang baik secara terburu-buru akan disertai dengan variasi yang lebih besar antara makrofit yang tenggelam.


Kata kunci: Faktor abiotik; makrofit; morfologi spesies; pembezaan; tasik cetek

 

REFERENCES

Alahuhta, J., Kanninen, A., Hellsten, S., Vuori, K.M., Kuoppala, M. & Hämäläinen, H. 2014. Variable response of functional macrophyte groups to lake characteristics, land use, and space: implications for bio-assessment. Hydrobiologia 737(1): 201-214.

Alahuhta, J., Kanninen, A. & Vuori, K.M. 2012. Response of macrophyte communities and status metrics to natural gradients and land use in boreal lakes. Aquatic Botany 103: 106-114.

Ali, M.M., Hassa, S.A. & Shaheen, A.M. 2011. Impact of riparian trees shade on aquatic plant abundance in conservation islands. Acta Botanica Croatica 70(2): 245-258.

Barko, J.W. & Smart, R.M. 1981. Sediment-based nutrition of submersed macrophytes. Aquatic Botany 10: 339-352.

Bartoszewicz, A. & Ryszkowski, L. 1996. Influence of shelterbelts and meadows on the chemistry of ground waters. In Dynamics of an Agricultural Landscape, edited by Ryszkowski, L., French, N. & Kędziora, A. Poznań. Poznań: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Rolnicze i Leśne. pp. 98-109.

Beck, M.W., Hatch, L.K., Vondracek, B. & Valley, R.D. 2010. Development of a macrophyte-based index of biotic integrity for Minnesota lakes. Ecological Indicators 10(5): 968-979.

Bedla, D. & Misztal, A. 2014. Zmienność chemizmu wód małych zbiorników wodnych o zróżnicowanej strukturze użytkowania terenów przyległych. Annual Set of Environment Protection 16: 421-439.

Blanchet, F.G., Legendre, P. & Borcard, D. 2008. Forward selection of explanatory variables. Ecology 89(9): 2623-2632.

Borcard, D., Gillet, F. & Legendre, P. 2011. Numerical Ecology with R. New York: Springer.

Bornette, G. & Puijalon, S. 2011. Response of aquatic plants to abiotic factors: A review. Aquatic Sciences 73(1): 1-14.

Carter, V., Rybicki, N.B. & Hammerschlag, R. 1991. Effect of submersed macrophytes on dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature under different conditions of wind, tide and bed structure. Journal of Freshwater Ecology 6(2): 121-133.

Choiński, A. 1995. Zarys limnologii fizycznej Polski. Poznań: Wydaw. Naukowe UAM.

Ciecierska, H. 2000. Zróżnicowanie przestrzenne roślinności litoralu i otuliny wybranych jezior miejskich Pojezierza Mazurskiego. Rozprawy i Monografie. Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie 34: 1-77.

Coffey, B.T. & Clayton, J.S. 1988. Changes in the submerged macrophyte vegetation of Lake Rotoiti, Central North Island, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 22: 215-223.

Cook, C.D. & Urmi-König, K. 1985. A revision of the genus Elodea (Hydrocharitaceae). Aquatic Botany 21(2): 111-156.

Dar, N.A., Pandit, A.K. & Ganai, B.A. 2014. Factors affecting the distribution patterns of aquatic macrophytes. Limnological Review 14(2): 75-81.

Duarte, C.M., Kalff, J. & Peters, R.H. 1986. Patterns in biomass and cover of aquatic macrophytes in lakes. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 43: 1900-1908.

Ervin, G.N. & Wetzel, R.G. 2003. An ecological perspective of allelochemical interference in land-water interface communities. Plant and Soil 256(1): 13-28.

Fargione, J. & Tilman, D. 2002. Competition and coexistence in terrestrial plants. In Competition and Coexistence (Ecological Studies), edited by Sommer, U. & Worm, B. Berlin: Springer.

Feldman, T. & Nöges, P. 2007. Factors controlling macrophyte distribution in large shallow Lake Võrtsjärv. Aquatic Botany 87(1): 15-21.

Fukuhara, H., Tanaka, T. & Izumi, M. 1997. Growth and turion formation of Ceratophyllum demersum in a shallow lake in Japan. Japanese Journal of Limnology 58(4): 335-347.

Górniak, A. 1999. Rola hydrologii i charakteru zlewni w kształtowaniu chemizmu wód jezior. In. Górniak, A. Supraśl (ed.). Współczesne Kierunki Badań Hydrobiologicznych: Materiały Ogólnopolskiej Konferencji Naukowej. Białystok: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku.

Górniak, A. 1996. Substancje humusowe i ich rola w funkcjonowaniu ekosystemów słodkowodnych. Doctoral dissertation, University of Warsaw (Unpublished).

Hermanowicz, W., Dožańska, W., Dojlido, J. & Koziorowski, B. 1976. Fizyczno-Chemiczne Badanie Wody I Ścieków. Warszawa: Arkady.

Hongve, D. 1999. Production of dissolved organic carbon in forested catchments. Journal of Hydrology 224: 91-99.

Howard-Williams, C. 1993. Processes of aquatic weed invasions: The New Zealand example. Journal of Aquatic Plant Management 31: 17-23.

Hutchinson, G.E. 1975. Limnological botany. A Treatise on Limnology. 3rd edition. New York: Wiley.

Kasprzak, K. & Niedbała, W. 1981. Wskaźniki biocenotyczne stosowane przy porządkowaniu i analizie danych w badaniach ilościowych. In Metody Stosowane w Zoologii Gleby, edited by Górny, M. & Grum, L. Warszawa: Wyd. Naukowe PWN.

Keddy, P.A. 1983. Shoreline vegetation in Axe Lake, Ontario: Effects of exposure on zonation patterns. Ecology 64(2): 331-344.

Kłosowski, S. 1985. Habitat requirements and bioindicator value of main communities of aquatic vegetation in Northeast Poland. Polish Archives of Hydrobiology 32(1): 7-29.

Kłosowski, S. & Tomaszewicz, H. 1988. Differentiation between habitats of Myriophyllum spicati Soó 1927 and Myriophylletum verticillati Soó 1927 phytocenoses in North-Eastern Poland. Acta Hydrobiologica30(1-2): 225-238.

Kraska, M., Piotrowicz, R., Szyper, H., Szeląg-Wasilewska, E., Gołdyn, R. & Klimaszyk, P. 2002. Variability of trophic state and vegetation in lakes of Drawieński National Park (Northern Poland). Verhandlungen des Internationalen Verein Limnologie 28: 900-904.

Kufel, L. 1999. Transport pierwiastkow biogennych w zlewniach Mazurskiego Parku Krajobrazowego. In Funkcjonowanie i Ochrona Ekosystemów Wodnych na Obszarach Chronionych, edited by Zdanowski, B., Kamiński, M. & Martyniak, A. Olsztyn: Wyd. IRŚ.

Lacoul, P. & Freedman, B. 2006. Environmental influences on aquatic plants in freshwater ecosystems. Environmental Reviews 14(2): 89-136.

Marczewski, E. & Steinhaus, H. 1959. O odległości systematycznej biotopów. Applicationes Mathematicae 4(3): 195-203.

Marzin, A., Archaimbault, V., Belliard, J., Chauvin, C., Delmas, F. & Pont, D. 2012. Ecological assessment of running waters: Do macrophytes, macro-invertebrates, diatoms and fish show similar responses to human pressures?.Ecological Indicators 23: 56-65.

Matuszkiewicz, W. 2008. Przewodnik do Oznaczania Zbiorowisk Roślinnych Polski. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.

Moshiri, G.A. 1993. Constructed Wetlands for Water Quality Improvement. Florida: Lewis Publish.

Murphy, K.J. 2002. Plant communities and plant diversity in softwater lakes of Northern Europe. Aquatic Botany 73(4): 287-324.

Naiman, R.J. & Decamps, H. 1990. The Ecology and Management of Aquatic-Terrestrial Ecotones. United Kingdom: The Parthenon Publishing Group.

Nurminen, L.K. & Horppila, J.A. 2002. A diurnal study on the distribution of filter feeding zooplankton: Effect of emergent macrophytes, pH and lake trophy. Aquatic Sciences 64(2): 198-206.

Ozimek, T. 1983. Biotic structure and processes in the lake system of r. Jorka watershed (Masurian Lakeland, Poland). X. Biomass and distribution of submerged macrophytes. Ekologia Polska 31(3): 781-792.

Ozimek, T. & Rybak, J.I. 1993. Macrophytes of small water bodies of the Suwałki Landscape Park (North-Eastern Poland). Ekologia Polska 1(41): 157-171.

Ozimek, T. & Kowalczewski, A. 1984. Long-term changes of the submerged macrophytes in eutrophic Lake Mikołajskie (North Poland). Aquatic Botany 19(1-2): 1-11.

Pieczyńska, E. & Jachimowicz-Janaszek, A. 1988. Decomposition of Elodea canadensis Rich. in relation to size structure of particles. Polskie Archiwum Hydrobiologii 35(2): 167-180.

Pieczyńska, E. & Ozimek, T. 1976. Ecological significance of lake macrophytes. International Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences2: 115-128.

Radwan, S. & Kornijów, R. 1998. Hydrobiologiczne cechy jezior–stan aktualny i kierunki zmian. Jeziora łęczyńsko-włodawskie. In Monografia Przyrodnicza, edited by Harasimiuk M., Michalczyk, Z. & Turczyński, M. Lublin: Biblioteka Monitoringu Środowiska. pp. 129-144.

Reedyk, S., Perpas, E. & Chambers, P.A. 2001. Effect of single Ca(OH)2 doses on phosphorus concentration and macrophytes biomass of two boreal eutrophic lakes over 2 years. Freshwater Biology 46: 1075-1087.

Rooney, N. & Kalff, J. 2000. Inter-annual variation in submerged macrophyte community biomass and distribution: The influence of temperature and lake morphometry. Aquatic Botany 68(4): 321-335.

Scheffer, M., De Redelijkheid, M. & Noppert, F. 1992. Distribution and dynamics of submerged vegetation in a chain of shallow eutrophic lakes. Aquatic Botany 42: 199-216.

Sculthorpe, C.D. 1967. The Biology of Aquatic Vascular Plants. London: Edward Arnold Publishers Ltd.

Sender, J. 2016. The effect of riparian forest shade on the structural characteristics of macrophytes in a mid-forest lake. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research 14(3): 249-261.

Sender, J. 2012. The dynamics of macrophytes in a lake in an agricultural landscape. Limnological Review 12(2): 93-100.

Sender, J. 2009. Analiza zmian sukcesyjnych zachodzących w fitocenozach wodnych I florze makrofitów badanych jezior w latach 1960-2009. In Ekologia krajobrazów hydrogenicznych Rezerwatu Biosfery Polesie Zachodnie, edited by Chmielewski, T.J. Lublin: University of Life Sciences in Lublin Press. pp. 161-190.

Sender, J. 2004. Struktura jakościowa I ilościowa zbiorowisk makrofitów w wybranych jeziorach Pojezierza Łęczyńsko - Włodawskiego. Doctoral dissertation, UAM. Poznań (Unpublished).

Sender, J. & Grabowski, M. 2016. The relationship between land management and the nature of helophytes in small lakes (Eastern Poland). Limnological Review 16(1): 51-62.

Sender, J., Kolejko, M. & Demetraki-Paleolog, A. 2015. Interactions within macrophytes in some small lakes from Polesie Lubelskie region. Teka Komisji Ochrony i Kształtowania Środowiska Przyrodniczego 12: 102-110.

Shannon, C.E. & Weaver, W. 1963. The Mathematical Theory of Communication. Urbana: The University of Illinois Press.

Spence, D.H.N. 1982. The zonation of plants in fresh water lakes. Advances in Ecological Research 12: 37-125.

Squires, M.M., Lesack, L.F.W. & Huebert, D. 2002. The influence of water transparency on the distribution and abundance of macrophytes among lakes of the Mackenzie Delta, Western Canadian Arctic. Freshwater Biology 47(11): 2123-2135.

Szafer, W. & Zarzycki, K. 1972. Szata Roślinna Polski. Warszawa: PWN.

Szajnowski, F. 1983. Biotic structure and processes in the lake system of river Jorka watershed (Masurian Lakeland, Poland). XI. Biomass and distribution of emergent macrophytes. Ekologia Polska 31(3): 793-800.

Tavechio, W.L.G. & Thomaz, S.M. 2003. Effects of light on the growth and photosynthesis of Egeria najas Planchon. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 46(2): 203-209.

Thiebaut, G., Guérold, F. & Muller, S. 2002. Are trophic and diversity indices based on macrophyte communities pertinent tools to monitor water quality? Water Research 36(14): 3602-3610.

Tomaszewicz, H. 1987. Differentiation of the physical and chemical properties of bottom sediments in phytocenoses of Myriophylletum verticillati Soó 1927, Potamogetonetum natantis Soó 1927 and Hydrocharitetum morsus-ranae Langendock 1935 associations. Polskie Archiwum Hydrobiologii 34(2): 215-230.

Van Den Berg, M.S., Coops, H., Simons, J. & De Keizer, A. 1998. Competition between Chara aspera and Potamogeton pectinatus as a function of temperature and light. Aquatic Botany 60(3): 241-250.

Wang, H., Liu, J.L., Zhang, R., Liu, J., Zou, Y. & Zhang, Z.M. 2017. Do aquatic macrophytes configuration mode impact water quality? Sains Malaysiana 46(12): 2375-2381.

Weisner, S., Strand, J.A. & Sandsten, H. 1997. Mechanisms regulating abundance of submerged vegetation in shallow eutrophic lakes. Oecologia 109: 592-599.

Xie, Y., An, S. & Wu, B. 2005. Resource allocation in the submerged plant Vallisneria natans related to sediment type, rather than water-column nutrients. Freshwater Biology 50(3): 391-402.

Zdanowicz, A. 1994. Rola zlewni rolniczej i leśnej w transporcie biogenów (azotów i fosforów) do strumienia. Wiadomości Melioracyjne i Łąkarskie 37(2): 72-75.

Zieliński, P., Górniak, A. & Choroszewska, K. 1999. Changes in water quality induced by the decomposition of plant detritus. Acta Hydrobiologica 41: 119-126.

 

*Corresponding author; email: joanna.sender@up.lublin.pl