Sains Malaysiana 49(6)(2020): 1293-1302

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2020-4906-07

Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities in ‘Beluntas’ (Pluchea indica), Turmeric (Curcuma longa) and Their Mixtures

(Aktiviti Antimikrob dan Antioksidan pada ‘Beluntas’ (Pluchea indica), Kunyit (Curcuma longa) dan Campurannya)

`Atiqah Ruqayyah Zabidi¹, Mohd Azmi Mohd Razif³, Sayyidah Nafisah Ismail¹, Muhammad Widus Sempo⁴ & Nazariyah Yahaya^1,2*

¹Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, 71800 Bandar Baru Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

²International Fatwa and Halal (iFFAH) Center, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, 71800 Bandar Baru Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

³Islamic Science Institute, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, 71800 Bandar Baru Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

⁴Faculty of Quranic and Sunnah Studies (FPQS), Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, 71800 Bandar Baru Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

Received: 22 July 2019/Accepted: 17 February 2020

ABSTRACT

Traditional medicine provides us essential guidance on herbal remedies with approaching health preservation methods.  In this paper, we present the relevant prescriptions related to ‘Beluntas’ (Pluchea indica) and Turmeric (Curcuma longa) ingredients mentions in Malay Manuscript Code MSS 2802. In this study, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties in the mixture of P. indica and C. longa and their individual plants were studied based on prescription captured.  Antimicrobial activities were performed against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in vitro by micro dilution method and disk diffusion method. The observation from MIC and MBC show that the mixture of both plants has the highest ability to inhibit S. aureus followed by P. indica and C. longa. Meanwhile, at concentration of 2000 mg/mL, the inhibition zone of P. indica, C. longa, and mixture of both plants showed significantly different (p <0.05) with the values of 12.67±0.58, 6.33±0.58 and 10.16±0.58 mm, respectively. In this study, the antioxidant activities of P. indica, C. longa, and their mixture was measured the DPPH scavenging activity, FRAP and TPC. The DPPH scavenging activity showed that P. indica has significantly highest antioxidant ability among all the samples as it IC₅₀ is the lowest with 379.822 µg/mL. In FRAP and TPC methods, P. indica also exhibited the significant highest antioxidant followed by their mixture and C. longa. In conclusion, this herb remedy may be considered as an alternative medicinal treatment that have competent antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. However, the formulation for the mixture of both plants need to further investigate.

Keywords: Antimicrobial; antioxidant; Curcuma longa; MSS 2802; Pluchea indica

ABSTRAK

Perubatan tradisi memberi kita panduan penting mengenai ubat-ubatan herba dengan pendekatan kaedah pemeliharaan kesihatan secara holistik. Dalam kajian ini, kami mengetengahkan ramuan berkaitan dengan Beluntas (Pluchea indica) dan Kunyit (Curcuma longa) yang terdapat dalam manuskrip Melayu berkod MSS 2802. Kandungan antimikrob dan antioksidan dalam campuran P. indica dan C. longa serta tumbuhan individunya telah dikaji. Aktiviti antimikrob ditentukan dengan menggunakan bakteria Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli secara in vitro melalui kaedah mikrodilusi dan resapan cakera. Hasil pemerhatian daripada penentuan MIC dan MBC menunjukkan campuran kedua-dua tumbuhan menpunyai kebolehan yang paling tinggi untuk merencatkan pertumbuhan S. aureus diikuti oleh P. indica dan C. longa. Manakala, pada kepekatan 2000 mg/mL P. indica, C. longa dan campuran kedua-dua tumbuhan, nilai zon perencatan berbeza secara bererti (p <0.05) dengan masing-masing adalah 12.67±0.58, 6.33±0.58 dan 10.16±0.58 mm. Dalam kajian ini, aktiviti antioksida P. indica, C. longa dan campuran kedua-duanya diukur melalui aktiviti skaveng DPPH, FRAP dan TPC. Aktiviti skaveng DPPH menunjukkan P. indica mempunyai aktiviti antioksida yang paling tinggi secara bererti dalam kalangan semua sampel dengan nilai IC₅₀ nya adalah paling rendah iaitu 379.822 µg/mL. Dalam kaedah FRAP dan TPC, P. indica juga menunjukkan aktiviti antioksida yang tinggi berbanding campuran ekstrak kedua-dua tumbuhan dan C. longa. Kesimpulannya, ubat herba ini boleh dijadikan sebagai rawatan perubatan altenatif yang mempunyai kandungan antimikrob dan antioksidan yang mencukupi. Walau bagaimanapun, ramuan penggunaan campuran daripada kedua-dua tumbuhan ini perlu dilakukan kajian lanjut.

Kata kunci: Antimikrob; antioksidan; Curcuma longa; MSS 2802; Pluchea indica

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*Corresponding author; email: nazariyah@usim.edu.my