Sains Malaysiana 49(7)(2020): 1499-1508

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2020-4907-03

Effect of Abscisic Acid on Growth and Physiology of Arabica Coffee Seedlings under Water Deficit Condition

(Kesan Asid Absisik ke atas Pertumbuhan dan Fisiologi Anak Benih Kopi Arabica dalam Keadaan Kekurangan Air)

NGOC-THANG VU¹, JONG-MAN PARK², IL-SOEP KIM², ANH-TUAN TRAN¹ & DONG-CHEOL JANG^*2

¹Faculty of Agronomy, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam

²Department of Horticulture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea

Received: 15 September 2019/Accepted: 13 March 2020

ABSTRACT

In this study, the effect of abscisic acid (ABA) on growth and physiology of Arabica coffee seedlings under water deficit condition was investigated. To examine the effect of ABA concentration on growth and physiology, six ABA concentrations (0, 10, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mgL^-1) were applied by spraying once a day for three days. Additionally, the effect of ABA on physiology of Arabica coffee seedlings under water deficit condition was examined by using two concentrations (50 and 100 mgL^-1) compared to non-ABA (0 mgL^-1). Foliar application of ABA decreased the growth traits of coffee seedlings in all the ABA concentrations. However, no statically significant difference was observed among the 0, 10, 50, and 100 mgL^-1 treatments with growth traits except for the leaf area. Foliar application of ABA decreased the quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) of Arabica coffee seedlings in watering condition. However, there was no significant difference between 0 (control) and 10 mgL^-1 of ABA or 50 and 100 mgL^-1 or 150 and 200 mgL^-1 of ABA treatment with the Fv/Fm. The application of ABA enhanced drought tolerance of coffee seedlings by increasing the leaf chlorophyll content, Fv/Fm and relative water content in the leaf and reducing the relative ion leakage in the Arabica coffee seedlings. The application of ABA increased the relative water content in the soil and delayed the starting time of wilting point under water deficit condition.

Keywords: Abscisic acid; coffee; growth; physiology; water stress

ABSTRAK

Dalam kajian ini, kesan asid absisik (ABA) terhadap pertumbuhan dan fisiologi anak benih kopi Arabica dalam keadaan kekurangan air telah dikaji. Bagi mengkaji kesan kepekatan ABA terhadap pertumbuhan dan fisiologi anak benih kopi ini, enam kepekatan ABA (0, 10, 50, 100, 150 dan 200 mgL^-1) telah digunakan dengan penyemburan sekali sehari selama tiga hari. Selain itu, kesan ABA terhadap fisiologi anak benih kopi dalam keadaan kekurangan air telah dikaji menggunakan dua kepekatan (50 dan 100 mgL^-1) dan dibandingkan dengan benih tiada-ABA (0 mgL^-1). Semburan daun ABA telah mengurangkan sifat pertumbuhan anak benih kopi pada semua kepekatan ABA. Walau bagaimanapun, tidak terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan secara statistik pada ciri pertumbuhan benih antara rawatan ABA 0, 10, 50 dan 100 mgL^-1 kecuali pada kawasan daun. Semburan daun ABA menurunkan kecekapan kuantum fotosistem II (Fv / Fm) benih kopi Arabica yang diairkan. Walau bagaimanapun, tidak ada perbezaan yang signifikan antara kepekatan rawatan ABA 0 mgL^-1 (kawalan) dan 10 mgL^-1 atau 50 dan 100 mgL^-1 atau 150 dan 200 mgL^-1 dengan Fv/Fm. Penggunaan ABA telah meningkatkan ketahanan anak benih kopi terhadap kekeringan dengan meningkatkan kandungan klorofil, Fv/Fm dan kandungan air relatif di dalam daun, serta mengurangkan kebocoran ion relatif benih kopi Arabica. Penggunaan ABA juga telah meningkatkan kandungan air relatif di dalam tanah dan melambatkan waktu mula titik layu dalam keadaan kekurangan air.

Kata kunci: Asid absisik; fisiologi; ketegasan air; kopi; pertumbuhan

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*Corresponding author; email: jdc@kangwon.ac.kr