Sains Malaysiana 49(8)(2020): 1915-1924

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2020-4908-13

A Green Nutraceutical Study of Antioxidants Extraction in Cleome brachycarpa  An Ethnomedicinal Plant

(Suatu Kajian Nutraseutik Hijau Pengekstrakan Antioksidan dalam Cleome brachycarpa  Suatu Tumbuhan Etnoubatan)

TAHIRA SALEEM^1,2, AYESHA SUMRA^1,3, SAMRA KHAN¹*, MARYAM ZAIN³, WARDA HASSAN¹, SEHRISH MEHD¹, NOOR-UL-AIN WAHID¹, SAMRAH KANWAL¹& TEHSEEN GULL^1,4

¹Department of Chemistry, The Women University Multan, Multan, 60000, Pakistan

²Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan

³Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, The Women University Multan, Multan, 60000, Pakistan

⁴Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan

Received: 2 April 2019/Accepted: 10 April 2020

ABSTRACT

In the present study, an indigenous medical plant ‘Cleome brachycarpa’ was comparatively investigated for its antioxidant extraction for first time; using the soxhlet (traditional), microwave-assisted, and ultrasound-assisted (green) extraction methods with seven different solvents. The microwave-assisted extraction with methanol as solvent recovered the phytochemicals two-folds higher than the other methods with extraction efficiency of 370.57 ± 0.49 μg/mg and correspondingly extracted the polyphenols: Phenolics (74.17 ± 0.61 μg GAE/mg DW), Flavonoids (65.46 ± 0.40 μg QE/mg DW), and Tannins (55.97 ± 0.85 μg CE/mg DW). The antioxidant capacity in relation with polyphenols was determined for Free radical scavenging activity and total antioxidant potential. The DPPH radical scavenging percentage of methanolic green extract of Cleome brachycarpa was found to be 81.37 ± 0.28 with IC₅₀ of 0.30 mg/mL that matched up to the DPPH scavenging potential of Trolox. Furthermore, the ferric reducing potential was high up to 15.30 ± 0.30 μg GAE/mg DW. The correlation of antioxidant capacity with polyphenols was highly significant (p < 0.05). The green nutraceutical study has validated the ethnomedicinal importance of Cleome brachycarpa which is related to its high polyphenolic content. The findings highlight Cleome brachycarpa as a potential candidate for research and isolation of medicinal polyphenols.

Keywords: Antioxidants; Cleome brachycarpa; microwave-assisted extraction; nutraceutical extraction; polyphenols; ROs scavenging

ABSTRAK

Dalam kajian ini, tumbuhan ubat yang asli‘Cleome brachycarpa’ telah dikaji bagi pengekstrakan antioksidannya untuk pertama kali; menggunakan kaedah pengekstrakan soxhlet (tradisi), berbantu mikrogelombang dan berbantu ultrabunyi (hijau) dengan tujuh pelarut yang berbeza. Pengekstrakan berbantumikrogelombang dengan metanol sebagai pelarut memperoleh fitokimia dua kali ganda lebih tinggi daripada kaedah lain dengan kecekapan pengekstrakan 370.57 ± 0.49 μg/mg dan juga mengekstrak polifenol berikut: Fenolik (74.17 ± 0.61 μg GAE/mg DW), Flavonoid (65.46 ± 0.40 μg QE/mg DW) dan tanin (55.97 ± 0.85 μg CE/mg DW). Hubungan antara kapasiti antioksidan denganpolifenol ditentukan untuk aktiviti hapus-sisa radikal bebas dan jumlah potensi antioksidan. Peratusan hapus-sisa radikal bebas DPPH bagi ekstrak hijau metalonikCleome brachycarpa ialah 81.37 ± 0.28 dengan IC₅₀ sebanyak 0.30 mg/mL yang sepadan dengan potensi hapus-sisa DPPH Trolox. Tambahan pula, potensi pengurangan ferik mencapai setinggi 15.30 ± 0.30 μg GAE/mg DW. Hubungan kapasiti antioksidan dengan polifenol adalah sangat ketara(p < 0.05). Kajian nutraseutik hijau telah mengesahkan kepentingan etnoubatan Cleome brachycarpa yang berkait dengan kandungan polifenoliknya yang tinggi. Hasil kajian menunjukkan Cleome brachycarpa sebagai calon yang berpotensi untuk penyelidikan dan pengasingan ubat polifenol.