Sains Malaysiana 50(11)(2021): 3231-3239

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5011-07

Phytochemicals and Bioactivities of Syzygium filiforme var. filiforme

 (Fitokimia dan Bioaktiviti Syzygium filiforme var. filiforme)

MOHD HAFIZ AHMAD^1,3*, NORHAZANA NOR IZAN², NOR HADIANI ISMAIL³ & HUMERA NAZ⁴

¹Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), University of Malaya, Block 3A, Inst. of Graduate Studies Building, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

²Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

³Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Produtcs Discovery (AuRIns), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

⁴Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Received: 3 May 2020/Accepted: 17 March 2021

ABSTRACT

Syzygium filiforme var. filiforme is a plant variety from dicotyledonous plant family (Myrtaceae). Phytochemical studies on S. filiforme var. filiforme stem bark have successfully isolated and characterized arjunolic acid (1), alphitolic acid (2), betulinic acid (3), ursolic acid (4), ursolic acid 3-methyl ester (5), β-sitosterol (6) and stigmasterol (7). The inhibitory activities against free radical, starch, and bacteria for major compounds were tested by using DPPH, α-glucosidase and minimum inhibitory and bacterial concentration assays, respectively. No promising antioxidant activity was shown on tested samples except methanolic crude extract. For antidiabetic activity, methanolic and dichloromethane crude extracts displayed potent activity compared to 1-deoxynojirimycin. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bacterial concentration (MBC) assays for antibacterial activity were evaluated on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis. All crude extracts and major compounds displayed weak and no promising activities for MIC method, respectively. Meanwhile, for MBC method, hexane crude extract and compound 1 showed inhibition against B. subtilis.

Keywords: Antibacterial; antidiabetic; antioxidant; Myrtaceae; Syzygium filiforme var. filiforme

ABSTRAK

Syzygium filiforme var. filiforme adalah varieti tumbuhan daripada keluarga tumbuhan dicotyledonous (Myrtaceae). Kajian fitokimia pada kulit batang S. filiforme var. filiforme berjaya mengasingkan dan mencirikan asid arjunolik (1), asid alfitolik (2), asid betulinik (3), asid ursolik (4), asid ursolik 3-metil ester (5), β-sitosterol (6) dan stigmasterol (7). Aktiviti penghambatan terhadap radikal bebas, kanji dan bakteria untuk sebatian utama diuji dengan menggunakan DPPH, α-glukosidase dan uji kepekatan minimum dan kepekatan bakteria, masing-masing. Tiada aktiviti antioksidan yang menjanjikan pada sampel yang diuji kecuali ekstrak mentah metanolik. Untuk aktiviti antidiabetik, ekstrak mentah metanol dan diklorometana menunjukkan aktiviti yang kuat berbanding dengan 1-deoxynojirimycin. Kaedah kepekatan perencatan minimum (MIC) dan kepekatan bakteria minimum (MBC) untuk aktiviti antibakteria dinilai pada Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus dan Bacillus subtilis. Semua ekstrak mentah dan sebatian utama masing-masing menunjukkan aktiviti lemah dan tidak menjanjikan untuk kaedah MIC. Sementara itu, untuk kaedah MBC, ekstrak mentah heksana dan sebatian 1 menunjukkan perencatan terhadap B. subtilis.

Kata kunci: Antibakteria; antidiabetik; antioksidan; Myrtaceae; Syzygium filiforme var. filiforme

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*Corresponding author; email: hafiz99414@yahoo.com