Sains Malaysiana 50(1)(2021): 23-33

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5001-03

Involvement of Phenolic Compounds and Their Composition in the Defense Response of Fusarium oxysporum infected Berangan Banana Plants

(Penglibatan Sebatian Fenolik dan Komposisinya dalam Tindak Balas Pertahanan Pokok Pisang Berangan yang dijangkiti Fusarium oxysporum)

FUNG SHI MING, ZULIANA RAZALI & CHANDRAN SOMASUNDRAM*

Institute of Biological Sciences & Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

Received: 18 June 2019/Accepted: 24 June 2020

ABSTRACT

Fusarium wilt is one of the most common destructive banana diseases which causes great losses to the global banana production. Berangan banana, known to be very susceptible towards this disease is greatly affected. Upon infection, oxidative burst involving rapid accumulation of reactive oxygen species is one of the first responses of a plant defense against biotic and abiotic stress. Secondary metabolites play an essential role in scavenging these toxic reactive radicals. In this study, a number of phenolic compounds and flavonoids were identified and the changes were documented. Compounds such as quinic acid, ferulic acid, caffeoyl glucose, p-coumaric acid, syringic acid, sinapic acid, aconitic acid, caffeic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, ascorbic acid, kaempferol-rhamnose-hexose, quercetin, catechin, rutin, and isorhamnetin 3-O rutinoside increased after fungal infection. Concomitantly, DPPH radical scavenging activity, reducing power, total antioxidant activity, total flavonoid content and total polyphenol content also increased. Polyphenols, flavonoid content and antioxidant activities increased significantly on day 1 and continued to increase until day 6 before gradually declining. The phenolic and flavonoid profiles were analysed using liquid chromatography - mass spectroscopy (LCMS). The antioxidant properties were found to be closely related to plant defense system.

Keywords: Antioxidant properties; Berangan banana; flavonoid; Fusarium wilt; phenolics

ABSTRAK

Kelayuan fusarium merupakan salah satu penyakit pisang yang seringkali menyebabkan kerugian besar dalam pengeluaran pisang di peringkat dunia. Pisang Berangan yang diketahui sangat rentan kepada penyakit ini adalah sangat terkesan dengan penyakit tersebut. Selepas dijangkiti, tekanan oksidatif yang melibatkan pengumpulan spesies oksigen reaktif dengan pantas merupakan salah satu tindak balas pertama pertahanan tumbuhan terhadap tekanan biotik dan abiotik. Metabolit sekunder memainkan peranan yang amat penting dalam memerangkap radikal reaktif toksik ini. Dalam kajian ini, sebilangan sebatian fenolik dan flavonoid telah dikenal pasti dan perubahannya telah didokumentasikan. Sebatian seperti asid kuinik, asid ferulik, glukosa kaffeoil, asid p-koumarik, asid syringik, asid sinapik, asid akonitik, asid kafeik, asid p-hidroksibenzoik, asid askorbik, kaempferol-rhamnosa-heksosa, quercetin, katechin, rutin dan isorhamnetin 3-O rutinosid didapati meningkat selepas jangkitan kulat. Seiring dengan itu, aktiviti pembersihan radikal DPPH, daya penurunan, aktiviti antioksidan total, kandungan flavonoid total dan kandungan polifenol juga meningkat. Polifenol, kandungan flavonoid dan aktiviti antioksidan meningkat secara signifikan pada hari pertama selepas jangkitan kulat dan terus meningkat sehingga hari keenam sebelum menurun secara beransur-ansur. Profil fenolik dan flavonoid dianalisis menggunakan kromatografi cecair-spektroskopi massa (LCMS). Sifat antioksidan yang dicerap didapati berkait rapat dengan sistem pertahanan tumbuhan.

Kata kunci: Fenolik; flavonoid; Fusarium wilt; pisang Berangan; sifat antioksidan

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*Corresponding author; email: chandran@um.edu.my