 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
Sains Malaysiana 50(3)(2021):
655-665
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5003-08
Caddisflies
(Trichoptera, Insecta) as
Bioindicator of Water Quality Assessment in a Small Stream in Northern Thailand
(Lalat
Kadis (Trichoptera, Insecta) sebagai Biopenunjuk Penilai Kualiti air di Sungai
Kecil di UtaraThailand )
THAMSENANUPAP, P.1,
SEETAPAN, K.2 & PROMMI, T.3*
1Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahasarakham
University, Mahasarakham, 44150, Thailand
2School of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of
Phayao, Tumbol Maeka, Muang District, Phayao Province, 56000, Thailand
3Faculty
of Liberal Arts and Science, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus,
Nakhon Pathom Province, 73140, Thailand
Received: 13 April 2020/Accepted: 9
August 2020
ABSTRACT
The influence of environmental variables and the potential
as bioindicators of larval stages of the species of Trichoptera were evaluated
in a small stream in northern Thailand from January to November 2017. A total
of 1,191 individual caddisfly larvae belonging to 7 families and 13 genus were
found. The larvae of the family Glossosomatidae were the most abundant,
followed by Hydropsychidae and Calamoceratidae. The genus Glossosoma, Hydromanicus and Hydropsyche were the most abundant genus in this study. Results of the CCA
ordination showed that total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, and
water temperature were the most important factors affecting the abundance and
diversity of caddisfly larvae. Changes in the caddisfly larvae may indicate
changes in physicochemical factors owing to urbanization or other
anthropogenic. The results showed that the order Trichoptera, identified to the
species or genus level, can potentially be used to assess environmental water
quality status in freshwater ecosystems. This study suggested that species
richness of aquatic insects may indicate the conservation value of the habitats
because of their significant responses to environmental factors.
Keywords: Bioindicator; Caddisfly larvae; freshwater
ecosystems; water quality variables
ABSTRAK
Pengaruh pemboleh ubah persekitaran dan potensi sebagai
biopenunjuk tahap larva spesies Trichoptera dinilai dalam aliran kecil di
utara Thailand dari Januari hingga November 2017. Sebanyak 1,191 larva lalat
kadis individu yang tergolong dalam 7 famili dan 13 genus ditemui. Larva
famili Glossosomatidae adalah yang paling banyak, diikuti oleh Hydropsychidae dan Calamoceratidae. Genus Glossosoma, Hydromanicus dan Hydropsyche adalah genus yang paling banyak dalam
kajian ini. Hasil pentahbisan CCA menunjukkan bahawa jumlah pepejal terlarut,
kekonduksian elektrik dan suhu air adalah faktor terpenting yang mempengaruhi
kelimpahan dan kepelbagaian larva lalat kadis. Perubahan larva lalat
kadis mungkin menunjukkan perubahan dalam faktor fizikokimia kerana perbandaran
atau antropogen lain. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahawa urutan Trichoptera yang
dikenali untuk spesies atau tingkat genus, berpotensi digunakan untuk menilai
status kualiti air lingkungan di ekosistem air tawar. Kajian ini menunjukkan
bahawa kekayaan spesies serangga akuatik dapat menunjukkan nilai pemuliharaan
habitat kerana tindak balasnya yang signifikan terhadap faktor persekitaran.
Kata kunci: Biopenunjuk; ekosistem air tawar; larva
lalat kadis; pemboleh ubah kualiti air
REFERENCES
Aazami, J., Sari, A.E., Abdoli, A.,
Sohrabi, H. & Van den Brink, P.J. 2015. Assessment of ecological quality of
the Tajan River in Iran using a multimetric macroinvertebrates index and
species traits. Environmental Management 56(1): 260-269.
Armitage,
P.D., Moss, D., Wright, J.F. & Furse, M.T. 1983. The performance of a new
biological water quality score system based on macroinvertebrates over a wide
range of unpolluted running-water sites. Water
Research 17(3): 333-347.
Azrina, M.Z., Yap, C.K.,
Ismail, A.R., Ismail, A. & Tan, S.G. 2006. Anthropogenic impacts on the
distribution and biodiversity of benthic macroinvertebrates and water quality
of the Langat River, Peninsular Malaysia. Ecotoxicology
and Environmental Safety 64(3): 337-347.
Burgmer, T., Hillebrand, H. &
Pfenninger, M. 2007. Effects of climate-driven temperature changes on the
diversity of freshwater macroinvertebrates. Oecologia 151(1): 93-103.
Buss, D.F., Baptista, D.F.,
Nessimain, J.L. & Egler, M. 2004. Substrate specificity, environmental
degradation and disturbance structuring macroinvertebrate assemblages in
Neotropical streams. Hydrobiologia 518(1-3): 179-188.
Clavier, S., Cottet, M.,
Favriou, P., Phabmixay, S.S. & Guedant, P. 2015. Spatial and temporal
variation of benthic macroinvertebrates in the Nam Theun 2 Reservior (Lao
PDR). Hydroécologie Appliquée 19: 217-243.
de Moor, F.C. 2007. Regional
biogeographical differences in Trichoptera diversity in South Africa: Observed Patterns and Processes. In Proceedings
of the XIIth International Symposium on Trichoptera. Caddis
Press. pp. 211-218.
Dohet, A. 2002. Are caddisflies an
ideal group for the biological assessment of water quality in stream? In Proceedings of the Xth International
Symposium on Trichoptera. Goecke & Evers. pp. 507-520.
Doll, B., Jennings, G., Spooner, J.,
Penrose, D., Usset, J., Blackwell, J. & Fernandez, M. 2016. Can rapid
assessments predict the biotic condition of restored streams? Water 8(143): 1-22.
Dudgeon, D. 2001. The ecology of
tropical Asian rivers and streams in relation to biodiversity conservation. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 31(1):
239-263.
Dudgeon, D. 1999. Tropical Asian Stream: Zoobenthos, Ecology
and Conservation, Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. pp. 207-290.
Engelmann, H.D. 1978. Zur
dominanzklassifizierung von bodenarthropoden. Pedobiologia 18(5-6): 378-380.
Fierro, P., Bertran, C., Mercado,
M., Pena Cortes, F., Tapia, J., Hauenstein, E., Caputo, L. & Vargas
Chacoff, L. 2015. Landscape composition as a determinant of diversity and
functional feeding groups of aquatic macroinvertebrates in southern rivers of
the Araucanía, Chile. Latin American Journal of Aquatic
Research 43(1): 186-200.
Gimenez, B.C.G., Lansac-Tôhaa, F.A.
& Higutia, J. 2015. Effect of land use on the composition, diversity and
abundance of insects drifting in neotropical streams. Brazilian Journal of Biology 75(4): 52-59.
Hauer, F.R. & Hill, W.R. 2007. Temperature, light and oxygen. In Methods in Stream Ecology. 2nd ed., edited by Hauer, F.R. & Lamberti, G.A. San Diego: Academic Press/Elsevier. pp. 103-117. Hoang, T.H., Lock, K., Chi Dang, K., De Pauw, N. & Goethals, P.L.M. 2010. Spatial and temporal patterns of macroinvertebrate communities in the Du River basin in northern Vietnam. Journal of Freshwater Ecology 25(4): 637-647.
Lenat, D.R. & Resh, V.H. 2001.
Taxonomy and stream ecology - the benefits of genus- and species-level
identifications. Journal of the North
American Benthological Society 20(2): 287-298.
Lessard, J.L. & Hayes, D.B.
2003. Effect of elevated water temperature on fish and macroinvertebrate
communities below small dams. River
Research and Applications 19(7): 721-732.
Li, F., Cai, Q., Jiang, W. & Qu,
X. 2012. Macroinvetebrate relationships with water temperature and water flow
in subtropical monsoon streams of central China: Implications for climate
change. Fundamental and Applied Limnology 180(3): 221-231.
Malicky, H. 2010. Atlas of Southeast
Asian Trichoptera. Chiang Mai University. Ph.D. Thesis (Unpublished).
Malicky, H. 1983. Caddisflies (Trichoptera) from Parakrama Samudra, an ancient man-made lake in Sri Lanka. In Limnology of Parakrama Samudra˗Sri Lanka, edited by Schiemer, F. The Hague: Dr. W. Junk Publishers. pp. 227-228. Masteller, E.C. & Buzby, K.M.
1993. Composition and temporal abundance of aquatic insect emergence from
a tropical rain-forest stream, Quebrada-Prieta, at El-Verde, Puerto-Rico:
Introduction. Journal of the Kansas Entomological
Society 66(2): 133-139.
McCune, B. & Mefford, M.J. 1999. PC-ORD: Multivariate Analysis of
Ecological Data; Version 4. Oregon: MjM Software Design.
Merritt, R.W. & Cummins, K.W.
1996. An Introduction to the Aquatic
Insects of North America. 3rd ed. Kendall/Hunt: Publishing Company.
Milne, M.J. 1938. The metamorphotype
method in Trichoptera. Journal of the New York
Entomological Society 46(4): 435-437.
Mori, G.B., de Paula, F.R., de
Barros Ferraz, S.F., Camargo, A.F.M. & Martinelli, L.A. 2015. Influence of
landscape properties on stream water quality in agricultural catchments in Southeastern Brazil. International
Journal of Limnology 51(1): 11-21.
Morse, J.C. 2018. Trichoptera World Checklist. http://entweb.clemson.edu/database/. Accessed on 2 February 2020.
Morse,
J.C., Frandsen, P.B., Graf, W. & Thomas, J.A. 2019. Diversity and ecosystem services of Trichoptera. Insects 10(125): 1-25.
Mustow, S.E. 2002. Biological monitoring of rivers in Thailand:
Use and adaptation of the BMWP score. Hydrobiologia 479: 191-229.
Palmer, M.W. 1993. Putting things in
even better order: The advantages of canonical correspondence analysis. Ecology 74: 2215-2230.
Patrick, M.S., Marie, T.M.J. &
Nadine, M.L. 2015. Benthic macroinvertebrates as indicators of water quality: A
case-study of urban Fauna Stream (in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo). Open Journal of Water Pollution and Treatment 2(1): 8-24.
Pereira, L.R., Cabette, H.S.R. &
Juen, L. 2012. Trichoptera as bioindicators of habitat integrity in the
Pindaı´ba river basin, Mato Grosso (Central Brazil). Annales de Limnologie - International Journal of Limnology 48:
295-302.
Principe, R.E. 2008. Taxonomic and
size structures of aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages in different habitats
of tropical streams, Costa Rica. Zoological Studies 47:
525-534.
Prommi, T. 2007. Taxonomy of
hydropsychidae (trichopteran) in
mountain streams of Southern Thailand. Prince
of Songkla University. Ph.D. Thesis (Unpublished).
Prommi, P. & Payakka, A. 2015.
Aquatic insect biodiversity and water quality parameters of streams in Northern
Thailand. Sains Malaysiana 44(5):
707-717.
Prommi, P. & Thani, I. 2014.
Diversity of Trichoptera fauna and its correlation with water quality
parameters at Pasak Cholasit reservoir, Central Thailand. Environment and Natural Resources Journal 12(2): 35-41.
Prommi, T., Peumwarunyoo, P. &
Mansukphol, P. 2016. Distribution of hydropsychidae (insecta, trichoptera) and
water quality parameters in Mae Tao Creek, Mae Sot District, Tak Province,
northern Thailand. Zoosymposia 10:
413-423.
Ratia, H., Vuori, K. & Oikari,
A. 2012. Caddis larvae (Trichoptera, Hydropsychidae) indicate delaying recovery
of a watercourse polluted by pulp and paper industry. Ecological Indicators 15: 217-226.
Reis, D.F.D., Salazar, A.E.,
Machado, M.M.D., Couceiro, S.R.M. & Morais, P.B.D. 2017. Measurement of the
ecological integrity of Cerrado streams using biological metrics and the index
of habitat integrity. Insects 8(10):
1-15.
Resh, V.H. 1992. Recent trends in
the use of Trichoptera in Water Quality Monitoring. Proceedings of the VIIth International Symposium on
Trichoptera. Backhuys Publishers. pp. 289-291.
Resh, V.H. & Unzicker, J.D.
1975. Water quality monitoring and aquatic organisms: The importance of
species identification. Journal of the Water Pollution
Control Federation 47: 9-19.
Rosenberg, D.M. & Resh, V.H.
1993. Freshwater Biomonitoring and
Benthic Macroinvertebrates. Academic Press: New York.
Shafie, M.S.I., Wong, A.B.H., Harun,
S. & Fikri, A.H. 2017. Land use influence on the aquatic insect communities
on tropical forest streams of Liwagu River, Sabah, Malaysia. Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation &
Legislation - International Journal of the Bioflux Society 10(2): 341-352.
Shokri, M., Rossaro, B. &
Rahmani, H. 2014. Response of macroinvertebrates communities to anthropogenic
pressures in Tajan River (Iran). Biologia 69(10): 1395-1409.
Siddaramu, D. & Puttaiah, E.T.
2013. Physicochemical characteristics of Balagala Kere and Purali Kere of
Shimoga District, Karnataka, India. International
Journal of Advanced Research 1(8): 313-321.
Szivak, I., Mora, A. & Torok,
J.K. 2011. Spatio-temporal variations of
caddisfly in a chalk stream, Balaton Upland, Hungary. Zoosymposia 5: 439-452.
Tariq, M., Ali, M. & Shah, Z.
2006. Characteristics of industrial effluents and their possible impacts on
quality of underground water. Soil &
Environmental 25(1): 64-69.
Wallace, J.B. & Webster, J.R.
1996. The role of macroinvertebrates in stream ecosystem function. Annual Review of Entomology 41: 115-139.
Ward, D., Holmes, N. & Jose, P.
1995. The New Rivers and Wildlife
Handbook. Bedfordshire: Royal Society for the Protection of Birds.
Whiles, M.R. & Wallace, J.B. 1997.
Leaf litter decomposition and macroinvertebrate communities in headwater
streams draining pine and hardwood catchments. Hydrobiologia 353(1): 107-119.
Wiggins, G.B. 1996. Larvae of the North American Caddisfly
Genera (Trichoptera). 2nd ed. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
Woodcock, T.S. & Huryn, A. 2007.
The response of macroinvertebrate production to a pollution gradient in a
headwater stream. Freshwater Biology 52(1): 77-196.
Yap, C.K. & Rahim Ismail, A.
2011. Relationships of distribution of macrobenthic invertebrates and the
physico-chemical parameters from Semenyih River by using correlation and
multiple linear regression analyses. Pertanika Journal of Tropical
Agricultural Science 34(2): 229-245.
Yule, C.M. & Sen, Y.H. 2004. Freshwater Invertebrates of the Malaysian
Region. Selangor: Aura Productions Sdn. Bhd.
*Corresponding
author; email: faastop@ku.ac.th
|
|||
|
