Sains Malaysiana 50(4)(2021): 1187-1198

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5004-28

 

Positive and Negative Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Aquatic Environment: A Review

(Kesan Positif dan Negatif Pandemik COVID-19 ke atas Persekitaran Akuatik: Suatu Ulasan)

 

ONG MENG CHUAN1,2,3*, ADIANA GHAZALI1,2, ROSWATI MD AMIN1,2, KESAVEN BHUBALAN1,2, LEE JEN NIE1,2, TUAN MOHAMAD FAUZAN TUAN OMAR1,2, IDHAM KHALIL1,2, SUVIK ASSAW1,2, YONG JAW CHUEN1,2, NURULNADIA MOHD YUSOFF1,2, IZAN JAAFAR1,2, WAN NURUL NADIAH WAN RASDI2,4, NURZAFIRAH MAZLAN5, MIFTAHUL JANNAH MUHAMMAD HUSIN5, RADIN MAYA SAPHIRA RADIN MOHAMED6, ZURAHANIM FASHA ANUAL7, CHEN MENGLI8 & MARFIAH AB WAHID9

 

1Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu Darul Iman, Malaysia

 

2Ocean Pollution and Ecotoxicology (OPEC) Research Group, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu Darul Iman, Malaysia

 

3Institute of Oceanography and Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu Darul Iman, Malaysia

 

4Faculty of Fisheries and Food Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu Darul Iman, Malaysia

 

5Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Management and Science University, Seksyen 13, University Drive, 40100 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

 

6Micropollutant Research Centre (MPRC), Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn, 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor Darul Takzim, Malaysia

 

7Environmental Health Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

 

8Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 18 Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore 119227, Singapore

 

9Micropollutant & Pathogen in Water Research Group, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

 

Received: 25 January 2021/Accepted: 15 March 2021

 

ABSTRACT

In December 2019, a novel coronavirus called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak was reported for the first time in Wuhan, Hubei province, China. This coronavirus has been referred as Coronavirus Disease 2019 or COVID-19 by World Health Organization (WHO). The spread of COVID-19 has become unstoppable, infecting around 93.5 million people worldwide, with the infections and deaths still increasing. Today, the entire planet has changed due to the greatest threat on the planet since the introduction of this lethal disease. This pandemic has left the world in turmoil and various measures have been taken by many countries including movement control order or lockdown, to slow down or mitigate the infection. Since the lockdown has been implemented almost in all affected countries, there has been a significant reduction in anthropogenic activity, including a reduction in industrial operations, vehicle numbers, and marine-related activities. All of these changes have also led to some unexpected environmental consequences. As a result of this lockdown, it had a positive and negative impact on the environment including the aquatic environment. Hence this review will therefore focus on the good and bad perspectives of the lockdown toward the aquatic environment.

 

Keywords: Anthropogenic; aquatic environment; COVID-19; lockdown; pollution

 

ABSTRAK

Pada Disember 2019, satu koronavirus baru yang dikenali sebagai SARS-CoV-2 telah merebak dan dilaporkan untuk pertama kalinya di Wuhan, Wilayah Hubei, China. Koronavirus ini telah dinamakan sebagai Coronavirus Disease 2019 atau pandemik COVID-19 oleh Pertubuhan Kesihatan Dunia (WHO). Penyebaran COVID-19 ini tidak dapat dikawal dan dihentikan dan telah menjangkiti hampir 94.5 juta manusia di seluruh dunia dengan kadar jangkitan dan kematian masih meningkat pada hari ini. Kini, persekitaran bumi telah berubah kerana ancaman terbesar sejak kemunculan wabak ini. Pandemik ini juga menjadikan seluruh dunia menjadi panik dan pelbagai langkah telah diambil oleh kebanyakan negara termasuk perintah kawalan pergerakan untuk memperlahankan dan mengawal jangkitan ini. Sejak perintah ini dilaksanakan di kesemua negara yang terjejas di seluruh dunia, aktiviti antropogen telah berkurangan secara signifikan, termasuk aktiviti perindustrian, jumlah kenderaan di jalan raya dan juga aktiviti berkaitan dengan laut. Semua perubahan ini turut membawa kepada perubahan persekitaran yang tidak dijangka oleh manusia. Hasil daripada kawalan ini, ia memberi kesan positif dan juga negatif terhadap alam sekitar termasuklah persekitaran akuatik. Oleh itu, ulasan ini akan menumpukan kepada perspektif baik dan buruk perintah kawalan pergerakan terhadap persekitaran akuatik.

 

Kata kunci: Antropogen; COVID-19; kawalan pergerakan; pencemaran; persekitaran akuatik

 

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*Corresponding author; email: ong@umt.edu.my

 

 

     

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