Sains Malaysiana 51(2)(2022): 473-483

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5102-12

Growth and Quality of Hydroponic Cultivated Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) Affected by the Light Intensity of Red and Blue LEDs

 (Pertumbuhan dan Kualiti Bayam (Spinacia oleracea L.) yang Dipengaruhi oleh Keamatan Cahaya Lampu LED Biru dan Merah

THI-PHUONG-DUNG NGUYEN¹, NGOC-THANG VU¹, QUANG-THACH NGUYEN³, THI-THANH-HUYEN TRAN², PHI-BANG CAO⁴, IL-SEOP KIM⁵ & DONG-CHEOL JANG⁵*

¹Faculty of Agronomy^, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam

²Faculty of Biology, Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, Vietnam

³Institute of Agrobiology, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam

⁴Department of Natural Sciences, Hung Vuong University, Phu Tho, Vietnam

⁵Department of Horticulture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea

Received: 1 December 2020/Accepted: 15 July 2021

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of four light intensities (90, 140, 190 and 240 µmol m^-2 s^-1) provided by red-blue LED light (spectrum ratio: R660/B450 = 4/1) on the growth and quality of hydroponic cultivated spinach. The results showed that when the light intensity increased, plant height, leaf number, root length, leaf width, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root fresh weight and root dry weight were increased but specific leaf weight and shoot-to-root ratio did not increase. The highest values of growth parameters were observed under 190 µmol m^-2 s^-1 treatment, while the lowest values were observed under 90 µmol m^-2 s^-1 treatment. At higher light intensities, K⁺, oxalic acid and nitrate contents tended to decrease but not Ca²⁺ content. Meanwhile, the highest values of Fe²⁺, crude fiber, soluble-solids, total polyphenol and vitamin C contents were observed under 190 µmol m^-2 s^-1 treatment, but 190 µmol m^-2 s^-1 treatment showed the lowest organic acid content. Our results indicated that among all experimental lighting treatments, 190 µmol m^-2 s^-1 light intensity showed the best effect on the growth and quality of hydroponic cultivated spinach.

Keywords: Growth; LEDs; light intensity; quality; spinach

ABSTRAK

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menilai kesan empat keamatan cahaya (90, 140, 190 dan 240 µmol m^-2 s^-1) yang disediakan oleh lampu LED merah-biru (nisbah spektrum: R660/B450 = 4/1) terhadap pertumbuhan dan kualiti bayam hidroponik. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa ketika keamatan cahaya meningkat, kepanjangan tanaman, jumlah daun, panjang akar, lebar daun, berat segar pucuk, berat kering pucuk, berat segar akar dan berat kering akar meningkat tetapi berat daun khusus dan nisbah pucuk:akar tidak meningkat. Nilai tertinggi parameter pertumbuhan diperhatikan di bawah perlakuan 190 µmol m^-2 s^-1, sementara nilai terendah diperhatikan di bawah rawatan 90 µmol m^-2 s^-1. Pada keamatan cahaya yang lebih tinggi, kandungan K⁺, asid oksalik dan nitrat cenderung untuk menurun tetapi tidak bagi kandungan Ca²⁺. Sementara itu, nilai tertinggi Fe²⁺, serat kasar, zat terlarut, jumlah polifenol dan vitamin C diperhatikan di bawah rawatan 190 µmol m^-2 s^-1, tetapi rawatan 190 µmol m^-2 s^-1 menunjukkan kandungan asid organik terendah. Hasil kajian kami menunjukkan bahawa antara semua rawatan pencahayaan, keamatan cahaya 190 µmol m^-2 s^-1 menunjukkan kesan terbaik terhadap pertumbuhan dan kualiti bayam hidroponik.

Kata kunci: Bayam; keamatan cahaya; kualiti; LED; pertumbuhan

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*Corresponding author; email: jdc@kangwon.ac.kr