Sains Malaysiana 51(2)(2022): 495-505

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5102-14

Effects of Soil Amendments on Metal Uptake, Antioxidant Activities and Production of Bioactive Compounds by Sunflower Sprouts

(Kesan Pindaan Tanah terhadap Pengambilan Logam, Aktiviti Antioksidan dan Penghasilan Bahan Bioaktif oleh Pucuk Bunga Matahari)

JITTAWAN KUBOLA¹, THEERAPHAN CHUMROENPHAT², JOHN PICHTEL³ & WEERADEJ MEEINKUIRT⁴*

¹Department of Food Innovation and Processing, Faculty of Science, Buriram Rajabhat University, Buriram 31000, Thailand

²Laboratory Equipment Center, Division of Research Facilitation and Dissemination, Mahasarakham University, Kantarawichai District, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand

³Ball State University, Environment, Geology, and Natural Resources, Muncie, IN 47306, USA

⁴Water and Soil Environmental Research Unit, Nakhonsawan Campus, Mahidol University, Nakhonsawan 60130, Thailand

Received: 12 December 2020/Accepted: 3 June 2021

ABSTRACT

The effects of soil amendments on Cd and Zn uptake, bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities in two cultivars (Pacific 33 and Black Oil) of Helianthus annuus L. were evaluated. Dicalcium phosphate/cattle manure and leonardite/cattle manure mixed in a 1:1 w/w ratio with soil served as soil treatments. The Black Oil cultivar experienced greater metal uptake, biomass production and survival rate compared to the Pacific 33 cultivar. The increased Cd and Zn uptake (>0.2 and >99.4 mg/kg, respectively) in Black Oil cultivar exceeded the regulatory standard for vegetables. Significantly higher levels of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities were detected in the control treatment for Pacific 33 leaves compared to Black Oil cultivar. Synergistic effects of heavy metals, amendment application and plant genotype are considered key factors in decreased levels of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities.

Keywords: Antioxidant activity; bioactive compound; cadmium; Helianthus annuus L.; soil treatments; zinc

ABSTRAK

Kesan pindaan tanah terhadap pengambilan Cd dan Zn, sebatian bioaktif dan aktiviti antioksidan dalam dua kultivar (Pasifik 33 dan Minyak Hitam) Helianthus annuus L. telah dinilai. Baja dikalsium fosfat/lembu dan leonardit/lembu dicampur pada nisbah 1:1 w/w dengan tanah akan dijadikan sebagai rawatan tanah. Kultivar Minyak Hitam mengalami penyerapan logam, pengeluaran biojisim dan kadar kemandirian yang lebih tinggi berbanding kultivar Pasifik 33. Peningkatan pengambilan Cd dan Zn (masing-masing >0.2 dan >99.4 mg/kg) dalam kultivar Minyak Hitam melebihi piawai kawal selia untuk sayur-sayuran. Tahap sebatian bioaktif dan aktiviti antioksidan yang lebih tinggi telah dikesan dalam rawatan kawalan untuk daun Pasifik 33 berbanding Minyak Hitam. Kesan sinergistik logam berat, aplikasi pindaan dan genotip tumbuhan dianggap sebagai faktor utama dalam penurunan tahap sebatian bioaktif dan aktiviti antioksidan.

Kata kunci: Aktiviti antioksidan; bahan bioaktif; Helianthus annuus L.; kadmium; rawatan tanah; zink

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*Corresponding author; email: phytoplanktonfile@gmail.com