Sains Malaysiana 34(2): 141-146 (2005)

 

New Chitosan Derivatives Induced Resistance to Fusarium

Wilt Disease through Phytoalexin (Gossypol) Production

(Kerintangan Aruhan Derivatif Kitosan Baru terhadap Penyakit Layu Fusarium

melalui Penghasilan Fitoaleksin (Gosipol))

 

 

Omyma A.Awadalla & Yehia A.-G. Mahmoud

Mycology Research Lab Botany Department

Faculty of Science Tanta University

P.O. Box 8, Tanta 31527 Egypt

 

 

 

ABSTRAK

 

Penyelidikan ini mengkaji mekanisme kerintangan terhadap Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.vasinfectum yang diaruh oleh beberapa terbitan kitosan dalam tanaman kapas. Biji benih kapas yang telah dirawat dengan kitosan didapati mempertingkatkan dengan signifikan kerintangan terhadap layu vaskular akibat jangkitan Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.vasinfectum. Kelima-lima terbitan kitosan yang diuji menekan pertumbuhan miselia patogen. Kitosn 3, 4 dan 8 mempunyai skor penyakit sebanyak 0.5 + 0.02, 0.6:+ 0.5 and 0.0 masing-masing, iaitu tumbuhan has tidak memperlihatkan simptom penyakit dan menunjukkan bahawa kitosan tersebut paling berkesan dalam mengawal penyakit layu Fusarium. Penghasilan fitoaleksin (gosipol) meningkat, sehingga mencapai 1.16 mg/5 gm maksimum tisu akar segar bagi tumbuhan yang dirawat dengan kitosan. Aras gosipol didapati lebih tinggi dalam akar berbanding dalam batang. Pengeluaran maksimum gosipol diperolehi daripada pokok kapas yang telah dirawat dengan kitosan 3,4 dan 8 dan juga disuntik dengan spora patogen berbanding dengan pokok yang tidak menerima perlakuan tersebut.

 

Kata kunci: Kapas, Fusarium oxysporum fsp. vasinfectum, kitosan, fitoaleksin (gosipol), rintangan penyakit

 

 

ABSTRACT

 

The present investigation studied the mechanism of resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.vasinfectum induced by some chitosan derivatives in susceptible cotton plants. Pretreating cotton seeds with chitosan markedly increased cotton resistance to vascular wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum. The five chitosan derivatives tested repressed the pathogen mycelial growth. Chitosans 3, 4 and 8 had a disease score of 0.5:tO.02, 0.6:tO.5 and 0.0 respectively, indicating that the host plants were free from visual symptoms and that these chitosans were the most effective in controlling Fusarium wilt disease. Phytoalexin (gossypol) production was greatly increased with a maximum of 1.16 mg/5gmfresh root tissue in chitosan-treated plants. The level of gossypol was higher in the roots than in the stems and the maximum production of gossypol was achieved in cotton plants treated with the chitosan 3, 4 and 8 and inoculated with the pathogen spores as compared with uninoculated plants.

 

Keywords: Cotton, Fusarium oxysporumfsp. vasinfectum, chitosan, phytoalexin (gossypol), and disease resistance.

 

 

RUJUKAN/REFERENCES

 

Awadalla O.A. 1988.  An investigation of the influence of herbicides on Verticillium and fusarium wilt of cotton. Ph.D thesis, Tanta University, Faculty of Science, Tanta, Egypt.

Bartnicki-Garcia S. 1977. In: J.B. Harborne, Eds. Phytochemical phylogeny., London: Academic Press, pp 81-101.

Bell A.A. 1967. formation of gossypol in infected or chemically irritated tissues of Gossypium species. Phytopathologia 57: 759-764.

Bell A.A. 1969. Phytoalexin production and Verticillium wilt reistance in cotton. Phytopathologia 59: 1119-1127.

Bozarth G.A. and Tweedy, B.G. 1971. Effect of pesticides on growth and sclerotial production of Sclerotium rolfsii. Phytopathology 61: 1140-1142.

Brammal R.A. and Higgins, v.J. 1988. The effect of glyphosate on resistance of tomato to Fusarium crown rot and root rot disease and on the formation of host structural defense barriers. Can. J. Bot. 66: 1547-1555

Cruickshank, I.A.M. 1963. Phytoalexins. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. I: 351-374.

Ghaouth, AE., Ami, J., Wilson, C. and Benhamou, N. 1997. Post harvest Biol.Technol. 12 (2):183-194.

Grinstein, A., Katan, J. and Eshel, Y. 1984. Herbicide-induced resistance to plant wilt diseases. Plant Pathol. 24:347-356.

Hassal, K. 1982: The chemistry of pesticides: their uses, mode of action and uses in crop protection. Verlag Chemie, Weinheim.

Huston, R.A and Smith, I.M. 1980. Phytoalexins and tyloses in tomato cultivars infected with Fusarium oxysporum fsp.lycopersici or Verticillium albo-atrum. Physiol.Plant Pathol. 17::245-257.

Jiang, T.D., Ma, R.X., Qi, R.M. and Zhang, C.P. 1994. J. Environ. Sci. 6(l):1l2-115.

Kendra, D.£. and Hadwiger, L.A. 1984.Effect of chitosan, chitin and some aminosugars on growth of various soil borne phytopathogenic fungi. Exper. Mycol. 8: 276-281.

Keyworth, w.G. and Dimond, AE. 1962. Root injury as a factor in the assessment of chemotherapeutants. Phytopathology 42:311-315.

Mauch, E, Mauch-Mani, B. and Boller, T. 1988. Antifungal hydrolases in pea tissue.ii.lnhibition of fungal growth by combinations of chitinase and beta-I, 3-gluccanase. Plant PhysioI. 88: 936-942.

Min, H.K., Hatai, K, and Bai, S. 1994.Gybyo Kenkyu Fish Pathol.29 (2):73-77.

Osman, M., El-Sayed, M. and Awadalla, O.A. 1989. Herbicides and cotton wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae and Fusarium oxysporium fsp. vasinfectum.Il.Herbicides and fungal spores as elicitors of phytoalexins. Delta J.Sci. 13:388-415.

Steel, R.G.D. and Tome, J.A 1980. Principals and Procedure of Statistics. 2nd Edn. Mc. Graw - Hill.

Sun, Y. and Gang Sun 2001. Durable and refreshable polymeric N-Halamine. Biocides containing 3-(4'-vinylbenzyl)-5, 5­dimethylhydantoin. J. Polymer.Sci.: Part A: Polymer Chemistry 39: 3348-3355.

Tsigos, I., Martinou, A., Kafetzopoulos, D. and Bouriotis, V. 2000. Trends in Bioch. 18: 305-312.

Waggoner, P.E. and Dimond, A.E. 1953. On the nature of vivotoxin in plant disease.Phytopathologia 43: 229-235.

Wietor-Orlandi, E.A. and Smith, D.A 1985. Metabolism of phytoalexin, Phaseollinnisoflavan, by Fusarium solani fsp. phaseoli. Physiol. Plant Pathol. 27: 197-207.

William, M.B. and Sappenfield, W.P. 1968. Varietal reaction of cotton after stem or root inoculation with Fusarium oxysporiumfsp. vasinfectum. Phytopathologia 58: 212-214.  

 

 

 

sebelumnya