Sains Malaysiana 38(3): 313-320(2009)

 

Komposisi Geokimia Sedimen Pantai di Pulau Langkawi,

Kedah, Malaysia

(Geochemical Composition of Beach Sediment in Langkawi Island,

Kedah, Malaysia)

 

 

Wan Mohd Razi Idris*, Sahibin Abdul Rahim, Zulfahmi Ali Rahman,

Tukimat Lihan, Azman Hashim & Shahril Nizam Mohd Yusuf

Pusat Pengajian Sains Sekitaran dan Sumber Alam

Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

43600, Bangi, Selangor. D. E., Malaysia


Diserahkan: 8 April 2008 / Diterima: 3 Ogos 2008

 

 

ABSTRAK

 

Sebanyak 40 sampel sedimen pantai Pulau Langkawi telah dianalisis bagi menentukan kepekatan kandungan logam berat Co, Pb, Ni, Cr, Zn dan Cu. Sampel permukaan sedimen diambil di kawasan Pulau Dayang Bunting, Pulau Tuba dan Selat Kuah. Parameter sedimen yang mempengaruhi pengayaan logam berat seperti pH, peratus kandungan bahan organik dan taburan saiz partikel sedimen juga ditentukan. Data yang diperolehi menunjukkan kelimpahan kandungan logam berat unsur Co, Pb, Ni, Cr, Zn, dan Cu di dalam sampel sedimen adalah masing-masing mempunyai sela pada 13-75 µgg-1, 9-113 µgg-1, 3-57 µgg-1, 2-26 µgg-1, 8-69 µgg-1 dan 2-14 µgg-1. Nilai pH dan kandungan bahan organik sedimen masing-masing mempunyai sela pada 3.95-8.39 dan 0.06-15.01%, manakala taburan saiz partikel didominasi oleh saiz pasir iaitu melebihi 70%. Analisis korelasi bagi semua sampel menunjukkan kelimpahan logam-logam berat di dalam sedimen dipengaruhi oleh kandungan bahan organik, kelodak dan lempung, manakala korelasi antara kandungan logam berat menunjukkan hubungan positif signifikan dengan semua unsur pada paras melebihi 1%. Secara keseluruhan kepekatan kandungan logam berat Co dan Pb di dalam sedimen adalah tinggi menunjukkan sekitarannya telah tercemar yang berpunca daripada aktiviti pembangunan pesat di sebelah daratan ataupun aktiviti kelautan.

 

Kata kunci: Geokimia; logam berat; Pulau Langkawi; sedimen

 

 

ABSTRACT

 

A total of 40 surface sediment samples collected from Pulau Langkawi namely Pulau Daya Bunting, Pulau Tuba and Selat Kuah  were analyzed to determine the heavy metal content such as Co, Pb, Ni, Cr, Zn and Cu. Sediment parameters such as pH, organic matter content and particle size distribution usually considered influential in heavy metal enrichment were also determined. The abundance of heavy metals namely Co, Pb, Ni, Cr, Zn and Cu in sediment samples ranged at 13-75 µgg-1, 9-113 µgg-1, 3-57 µgg-1, 2-26 µgg-1, 8-69 µgg-1 and 2-14 µgg-1 respectively. The values of pH and organic matter content ranged at 3.95-8.39 and 0.06-15.01% respectively, whilst the particle size distribution was dominated by sand with values of more 70%. Correlation analysis showed that the organic matter content and the presence of silt and clay minerals controlled the abundance of heavy metal in the sediment, whereas heavy metal content had a significant positive correlation at above 1% level with all elements. The Co and Pb heavy metal concentration were above the critical level where potential toxicity in soil and sediment may occur. This could be attributed to input of effluent from development activity in the inland or from the sea.

 

Keywords: Geochemical; heavy metal; Pulau Langkawi; sediment

 

 

RUJUKAN

 

Abdulla, H.H. 1966. A study on the Development of Podzol Profiles in Dovey Forest. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Wales .

Abdul Khalik Wood. 2002. Geokimia bahan kimia antropogenik dalam persekitaran marin di Selat Melaka. Con. Shelf Res. 17 (10): 1207-1228.

Abu-Hilal, A.H. 1987. Distribution of trace elements in near shore surface sediments  from the Jordan Gulf of Agaba ( Red Sea ). Mar. Pollut. Bull. 18:190-193.

Acres, B.D., Bower, R.P., Borrough, P.A., Folland, C.J., Kalsi, M.S., Thomas, P. & Wright, P.S. 1975. The Soils of Sabah . Volume 1. Classification and Description. Land Resource Study No. 20, Land Resource Division, Ministry of Overseas Development, England .

Allow, B.J. 1995. Heavy Metal in Soils. Inc. New York. John Wiley and Son.

Angelidis, M.O. & Aloupi. M. 1995. Metal in sediments of Rhodes Harbour , Greece . Mar. Polluc. Bull 31: 273-276.

Arcer, F.C & Hodgson, I.H. 1987. Total and extractable trace elements contents of soil in England and Wales . Journal of Soil Science 39:421-432.

Atgin, R.S., El-Agha., O.Zararsiz., A.Kocates., A. Parlek, H & Tuncel G. 2000. Ivestigation of the sediments pollution in Izmir Bay : Trace elements. Spectrochimica Acta. Part B 55: 1151-1164.

Avery, B.W. & Bascomb, C.L. 1982. Soil Survey Laboratory Methods. Soil Survey Technical Monograph No. 6. Harpenden.

Birch, G.F., Robertson, E., Taylor , S.E. & McConchie, D.M. 1999. The use of sediments to detect human impact on the fluvial system. Environmental Geology 39 (9): 1015-1028.

Cobela-Garcie, A & Prego. 2003. Heavy sedimentary record in a Galician Ria (NW Spain): Background values and recent contamination. Mar. Pollut. Bull 46: 1253-1262.

Donazzolo, J.C., O. hicki-Merlin, l. Menegazzovillurg & B. Paroni 1984. Heavy metal  content and lithological properties of recent sediments in the Norten Adriati. Mar. Pollut. Bul 15: 192-201.

Fukue, M., Nakamura, T., Kato, Y & Yamasaki, S. 1999. Engineering of pollution from marine sediments. Environmental Science Technology 33: 2499-2504.

Garrison, T. 2005. Oceanography – an invitation to marine science. (eds 5). London .

Horowitz, A.J. & Elrick, K.A. 1987. The relationship of stream sediments surface area, grain saiz and composition of trace elements chemistry. Applied Geochemistry 2:437-452.

Ismail, A. 1993. Heavy Metal Concentration in Sediments of Bintulu, Malaysian. Marine

            Pollution Bulletin 26:706-707.

Kabata-Pendias, A. and Pendias, H. 1992. Trace elements in soil and plants (2nd ed.). CRC Press, Boca Raton , Florida .

Laxen, D.P. H. 1983. The Chemistry of Metal Pollution in Water. In: Pollution causes, effects and control (Ed), Roy . M. Horrison, The Royal Society of Chemistry, London : 104-112.

Martincic, D.Z. Kwokal, M. Stoeppler & M. Branica. 1985. Trace metal in the Sibenik auqatorium. P-3 sediment concentration of Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu and Hg analyzed in the 1983/84 period. Rapp. Int. Me. Medit. 115-116.

Metson, A.J. 1956. Methods of chemical analysis for soil survey samples. Bull. N.Z. Dept. Scient. Ind. Res. No. 12.

Muohi, A.W., Onyari, J.M., Omondi, J.G. & Mavuti, K.M. 2003. Heavy metal   distribution in surface sediments from Mutwapa and Shirazi creeks, Kenyan, Coastal. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 70: 1220-1227.

Roslan I. , Samsuri, A.W., Zauyah S. & Fauziah C.I. 2005. Heavy metals in the sediment of the estuarine, Kuala Sepetang mangrove forest, Perak. Proc. Soil Sci. Malaysian: 215-217.

Schrauzer, G.N. 1991. Cobalt. In: Metals and Their Compounds in the Environment: Occurrence, Analysis, and Biological Relevance, VCH (1991), edited by Merian E.. pp. 879–892.

Schulin, R., Geiger, G., & Furrer, G. 1995. Heavy metal retention by soil organic matter under changing environmental conditions. In Biodynamics of pollutants in soils and sediments – Risk assessment of delayed and non-linear responses, edited by Salomons, W. & Sigliani, W.M (pp. 53-85). Berlin Heidelberg New York: Springer.

Wedepohl, K.H. 1960. Spurenanalytische untersuchungen au tiefsectonen aus dem Atlantic . Geochim. Cosmochine. Acta 18:200-231.

White, A.T. 1988. Marine Parks and Reserves, Management for coastal environments in Southeast Asia . ICLARM, Educ. Ser. 2. International center for Living Aquatic Resources Management, Manila , Philippines , 36 pp.

Withman, G.T. & Forstner, U. 1979. Metal enrichment sediments in inland water-The Hartbeespoort Dam. Water AS 1: 76-82.

Yusof. A.M., Yanta, N.F. & Wood A.K.H. 2004. The use of bivalve as bio-indicator in the assessment of marine pollution along a coastal area. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem 25(1):119-127.

 

 

*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat: email: razi@ukm.my

 

 

 

sebelumnya