 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
Sains Malaysiana 38(4)(2009):
543–551
Pembinaan
dan Penggunaan Ujian Diagnostik ke Arah Mengenal Pasti Salah Konsep Pelajar
dalam Kursus Fizik kuantum
(Development and Application of Diagnostic
Test to Identify
Students’ Misconceptions of Quantum Physics)
A. Halim
Jurusan Pendidikan Fisika, FKIP
Universitas Syiah Kuala, Aceh-Indonesia
23111
T. Subahan bin Meerah* & Lilia Halim
Jabatan Perkaedahan dan Amalan Pendidikan
Fakulti Pendidikan, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor D.E, Malaysia
Diserahkan: 26 Jun 2008 / Diterima: 21 December 2008
ABSTRAK
Kajian berkaitan
dengan salah konsep pelajar dalam kursus fizik kuantum jarang dilakukan, kerana tidak ramai
pelajar yang terlibat dalan kursus berkenaan. Kajian ini
dijalankan bagi membantu mengenal pasti salah konsep pelajar pada tahap awal. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk membina ujian diagnostik yang
boleh mendiagnosis salah konsep pelajar sains dan menggunakan dapatan kajian
bagi membaiki kaedah Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran kursus fizik kuantum. Ujian Diagnostik Fizik kuantum (UDFK) aneka pilihan yang merangkumi konsep cahaya, model atom, sifat
keduaan gelombang-zarah, fungsi gelombang dan graf tenaga keupayaan kuantum,
dilakukan kepada 200 pelajar universiti. Kajian
menunjukkan bahawa ramai pelajar menggunakan konsep klasik untuk menjelaskan
fenomena kuantum. Sebagai contoh pelajar menjelaskan
bahawa cahaya adalah gelombang, elektron adalah zarah, dan struktur atom selari
dengan sistem suria. Bagi mengatasi masalah ini,
dicadangkan agar pensyarah mengambil masa lebih untuk menjelaskan takrifan asas
dan kaedah penggunaan analogi dalam pengajaran fizik kuantum.
Kata kunci:
Cahaya; keduaan gelombang-zarah; model atom; ujian diagnostik; salah konsep
ABSTRACT
A study on
students’ misconceptions on quantum physics is rarely being done, because the
target audience is quite small. It is important to understand quantum physics
concepts correctly especially for science students. This study was under taken
to help students identify their misconceptions at the early stage. The aim of
this study is to develop a diagnostic test which can access the students’
misconceptions, and use the findings for the benefits of quantum physics
courses. A multiple-choice Quantum Physics Diagnostic Test (QPDT), that involves concepts of light, atomic model,
particle-wave dualism, wave function, and potential energy, was administered to
200 university students. The results shows that many
students use the classical concepts to describe the quantum phenomenon. For
example students describe light only as a wave, an electron only as a particle,
and that the atomic structure is parallel to the solar system. To overcome
these problems, it is suggested that lecturers spend more time in explaining
the basic definitions and using analogies in quantum physics teaching.
Keywords: Atomic
model; diagnostic test; light; misconception; particle-wave dualism .
RUJUKAN
Anon. 2001. Helping Students learn Physics better; Preconception and
Misconception. (atas talian) www.phys.udallas.edu/c3p/ preconceptions.pdf. (15
Mac 2004).
Chung, C.C., Hung,
S.l. & Ming, l.l. 2002. Development a two-tier
diagnostic instrument to assess high school students, understanding-the
formation of images by a plane mirror. Proc. Natl. Set. Counc. ROC(D) 12(3): 106-121.
Committee on
Undergraduate Science education. 1997. Misconceptions as Barriers to
Understanding Science. New York: National Academy Press.
Direktorat Pendidikan Tinggi, 2000. Panduan
Kurikulum Pendidikan Tinggi. Jakarta: Direktorat Pendidikan Tinggi.
Feynman R.P. 1985 QED The Strange Theory of Light and Matter. London: Penguin.
Gilbert, J.K.,
Watts, D.M. & Osborne, R.J. 1982. Students’conceptions of ideas in mechanics, Phys. Educ. 17: 62-66.
Griffiths, D.
1995. Introduction to Quantum Mechanics. Englewood
Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Griffiths, K.A.
& Preston, R.K.1992. grade-12 students
misconceptions relating to fundamental characteristics of atoms and molecules. Journal
of Research in Science Teaching 29: 611-628.
Halloun, I.A.
& Hestenes, D. 1985. The initial knowledge state of college physics
students. American Journal of Physics 53(11): 1043-1048.
Harrison, A.g.
& Treagust D.F. 1996. Secondary students. mental models of atoms and molecules: Implications for
teaching chemistry. Science Education 80: 509-534.
Helm, H. 1980. Misconception in physics among South African students. Physics Education 15: 92-105.
Hestenes, D. & Wells, M. 1992. A Mechanics baseline Test. The Physics Teacher 30: 159-166.
Hey, T. & Walters, P. 2003. The New Quantum Universe. UK: Cambridge,
University Press.
Hiller, J.R., Johnston,
I.D. & Styer, D.F. 1995. Quantum Mechanics
Simulations. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
HyperPhysics. 2004.
HyperPhysics., (atas talian) http:// hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/goo.html.
(20 Julai 2007)
Ireson, G. 1999. A
multivariate analysis of undergraduate physics students’ conceptions of quantum
phenomena. Eur. J. Phys 20:193–199.
Ireson, G. 2000. The
quantum understanding of pre-University physics students. Phys. Educ. 35(1): 15-21.
Linke, R.D. &
Venz, M.I. 1978. Misconception in physics science among
non-science background students. Research in Science Education 8:
183-193.
Lembaga Pendidikan Tenaga Kependidikan.
2002. Buku Panduan LPTK. lembaga Pendidikan
Tenaga Kependidikan, jakarta, Departemen Pendidikan Tinggi.
Liong, T.H. 1994. Catatan Kuliah Fisika
Kuantum. Bandung: jurusan Fisika ITB.
Marshall, H.A.
2003. Countering Astronomy Misconceptions in High School Students. Dallas:
University of Texas.
Merzbacher, E.
1998. Quantum Mechanics. new york: Wiley. Morrison, M.A.
1990. Understanding Quantum Physics: A User’s Manual. New Jersey:
Prentice Hall.
Olsen, R.V. 2002. Introducting quantum mechanics in the upper secondary school:
A study in Norway. Int. J. Sci. Educ 24(6): 565-574.
Osborne, R.J, & Gilbert, J.K., 1980. A technique for exploring the students, view of the world, Physics
Education 50: 376- 379.
Piaget, J. &
Inhelder, B. 1958. The Growth of Logical
Thinking from Childhood to Adolescence. London: Routledge
& Kegan Paul LTD.
Preparata, G. 2002. An
Introduction to a Realistic Quantum Physics. London: World
Scientific.
Redish, E.F., Bao, L. & Jolly, P. 1997. Student difficulties with energy in quantum mechanics. The Phoenix meeting of the AAPT. University of Delhi.
Robinett, R.W. 1997. Quantum Mechanics:
Classical Results, Modern Systems, and Visualized Examples. New York:
Oxford University Press.
Steinberg, R.,
Wittmann, M.C., Bao, l. & Redish, E.F. 1999. The Influence of student understanding of classical physics when
learning quantum mechanic. NARST Annual Meeting. Maryland.
Styer, D.F. 1996. common Misconceptions regarding Quantum Mechanics. Am. J.
of Phys 64: 31-34.
Tamir, P. 1971. An alternative approach to
the construction of multiple choice test item. Journal of Biology Education. 5: 305-307.
Treagust, D.F. 1988. Development
and use of diagnostic tests to evaluate students’ misconceptions in science. International Journal of Science Education 10: 159-169.
Trembath, R.J. 1984. Detecting
and classifying the origin of science misconception, In Research and
Curriculum Development in Science Education, 4; Curriculum Evaluation, Classroom
Methodology and Theoretical Models, edited by Bethal C.J. Texas: University
Texas Centennial Science Education Center Monograph.
Wang J.R. 2004. Development and validation of a two-tier instrument to examine
understanding of internal transport in plants and the human circulatory system. Internal Journal of Science and Mathematics Education 2: 131-157.
Watts, M. 1980. exploring pupils’ alternative frameworks using the interview-about-instances method. Proceeding of the International Workshop on Problem Concerning
Students’ Representation of Physics and Chemistry Knowledge. ludwigsburg, West Germany. pp 365-386.
Wittmann, M.C.,
Morgan, J.T. & Bao, l. 2005. Addressing student models
of energy loss in quantum tunneling. Eur. J. Phys 26: 939-950
Wittmann, M.C.,
Stinberg, R.G., Bao, l. & Redish, E.F. 1999. Curriculum Development to Address Student Difficulties with models
of conductivity. AAPT Conference August 1999, San Antonio.
Wuttiprom, S.,
Chitaree, R., Soankwan, C., Sharma, M. & Johnston, I. 2007. Developing a prototype conceptual survey in fundamental quantum
physics. UniServe Science Assessment Symposium
Proceedings. Institute for Innovation and Development of
Learning Process, Thailand.
|
|||
|
