Sains Malaysiana 39(6)(2010): 951–955

Physicochemical Characterization of Seed and Seed Oil of Jatropha curcas L. Collected from Bardoli (South Gujarat)

(Ciri-ciri Fizikokimia Biji dan Minyak Biji Jatropha curcas L. diambil dari Bardoli (Selatan Gujarat))

Bhavesh S. Nayak*

Department of Pharmacognosy

Shree Swaminarayan Sanskar Pharmacy College, Zundal, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India

K.N. Patel

SAL Institute of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India

Diserahkan: 12 November 2009 / Diterima: 12 May 2010

ABSTRACT

The seed of Jatropha curcas was collected from the outskirts region of the Bardoli (Gujarat) and it was utilized for determination of seed characterization. The Jatropha curcas oil was extracted using light petroleum ether (60-80°C) by Soxhlet apparatus. The physicochemical properties of Jatropha curcas oil were evaluated. The result showed that the seeds consist of 46.31% (dry w/w) oil, moisture and volatilities (5.8% v/w) and protein content (22.50%). The physicochemical properties shows acid value (36.46), iodine value (106.00 mg/g) and saponification value (194.70 mg/g). The unsaponifiable matter was 1.02%. Negative Halphen test indicated the absence of cyclopropanoid acids in seed oil. GC analysis of J. curcas oil showed presence of palmitic acid (16.69%), stearic acid (7.67%), oleic acid (40. 39%) and linoleic acid (33.09%).

Keywords: Jatropha curcas; oil characterisation; physiochemical properties; seed characterisation

ABSTRAK

Biji Jatropha curcas telah dikumpulkan dari kawasan luar Bardoli (Gujarat) dan telah dicirikan. Minyak Jatropha curcas telah diekstrak menggunakan eter petroleum ringan (60-80oC) dan alat Soxhlet. Sifat fizikokimia minyak Jatropha curcas telah dinilai. Keputusan menunjukkan biji tersebut mengandungi 46.31% (w/w kering) minyak, kelembapan dan kemeruapan (5.8% v/w) dan protein (22.50%). Sifat fizikokimia menunjukkan nilai asid (36.46), nilai iodin (106.00 mg/g) dan nilai saponifikasi (194.70 mg/g). Jirim yang tak tersaponifikasi ialah 1.02%. Ujian Halphen negatif menunjukkan ketidakhadiran asid siklopropanoid di dalam minyqk biji ini. Analisis GC minyak J. curcas menunjukkan kewujudan asid palmitik (16.99%), asid steanik (7.67%), asid oleik (40.39%) dan asid linolik (33.09%).

Kata kunci: Ciri-ciri biji; ciri-ciri minyak; Jatropha curcas; sifat fizikokimia

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: b_s_nayak@yahoo.co.in