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Analisis
Proksimat dan Logam Berat dalam Tisu Kerang (Anadara granosa) di
Beberapa Tapak Akuakultur di Semenanjung Malaysia
(Proximate Analysis
and Heavy Metal Concentrations of Tissues of Cockles (Anadara granosa)
from Several Cockle Farms in Peninsular Malaysia)
Koh Siew Min, Koh Pea Kee, Sim Khay
Tien, Lee Yook Heng*
& Salmijah Surif
Fakulti Sains dan
Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
43600 UKM Bangi,
Selangor, D.E., Malaysia
Diserahkan: 8
September 2009 / Diterima: 12 Julai 2010
ABSTRAK
Kerang popular sebagai
sumber protein dan mempunyai kepentingan ekonomi yang tinggi di Malaysia.
Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk menentukan komposisi protein, lemak dan abu
serta mengenal pasti kandungan logam berat dalam tisu kerang yang diambil dari
tapak-tapak ternakan di Kuala Juru (Pulau Pinang), Kuala Sepetang (Perak) dan
Kuala Selangor (Selangor) untuk meneliti aras keselamatan logam berat dan
kandungan zat nutrien dalam isi kerang. Kandungan protein, lemak dan abu dalam
tisu kerang masing-masing adalah pada julat 70.0-75.6, 8.9-10.6 dan 9.8-17.5%
berat kering. Untuk jumlah tenaga ialah 371.0, 384.2 dan 377.9 kcal/100 g berat
kering kerang masing-masing untuk sampel dari Kuala Juru, Kuala Sepetang dan
Kuala Selangor. Aras logam perlu dalam tisu kerang ialah Cu = 2.4-16.3, Fe =
421.0-1350.0, Mn = 10.0-38.1 dan Zn = 72.2-201.7 μg/g berat kering
manakala kepekatan logam toksik adalah Cd = 1.3-12.2, Cr = 4.3-9.8, Ni =
8.3-20.8 dan Pb = 4.1-20.8 μg/g berat kering. Sebagai kesimpulan, didapati
bahawa pengambilan harian sebanyak 1.50 g Pb (berat kering) kerang dari Kuala
Sepetang dan juga melebihi 5.78 g Cd (berat kering) untuk kerang dari Kuala
Selangor boleh meningkatkan risiko kesihatan.
Kata kunci: Analisis
proksimat; kerang; logam berat
ABSTRACT
Cockle is a popular high
protein seafood which is commercially important in Malaysia. The aim of this
study was to determine the proximate composition of protein, fat and ash and
concentrations of heavy metals in the tissues of cockles obtained from cockle
farms at Kuala Juru (Pulau Pinang), Kuala Sepetang (Perak) and Kuala Selangor
(Selangor) for the purpose of examining the safe level of heavy metals and the
amount of several nutrients from the cockle tissues. Concentrations of protein,
fat and ash in the tissues of cockles were in the range of 70.0-75.6, 8.9-10.6
and 9.8-17.5 % dry weight respectively and energy contents were 371.0, 384.2
and 377.9 kcal/100 g dry weight for samples from Kuala Juru, Kuala Sepetang and
Kuala Selangor respectively. The concentrations of essential metals in the
total soft tissue samples were Cu = 2.4-16.3, Fe = 421.0-1350.0, Mn = 10.0-38.1
and Zn = 72.2-201.7 μg/g dry weight while the concentrations of toxic
metals were Cd = 1.3-12.2, Cr = 4.3-9.8, Ni = 8.3-20.8 and Pb = 4.1-20.8
μg/g dry weight. This study showed that daily intakes of cockle of more
than 1.50 g Pb (dry weigh) from Kuala Sepetang and 5.78 g Cd (dry weight) from
Kuala Selangor might impose health risk to consumers.
Keywords: Cockle; heavy
metals; proximate analysis
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: yhl1000@ukm.my
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