Sains Malaysiana 40(6)(2011): 605–611

Pemencilan dan Pencirian Populasi Eimeria tenella daripada Ayam Hutan Tempatan

(Isolation and Characterisation of an Eimeria tenella Population from the Local Jungle Fowl)

NorjoannaJohan, Mohd. Sanus iJangi& Kiew-LianWan*

Pusat Pengajian Biosains dan Bioteknologi, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor D.E., Malaysia

Diserahkan: 1 Jun 2010 / Diterima: 1 September 2001

ABSTRAK

Eimeria tenella merupakan salah satu daripada tujuh spesies Eimeria yang menjangkiti ayam. Jangkitan parasit ini menyebabkan penyakit koksidiosis yang mendatangkan kerugian ekonomi yang besar kepada industri penternakan ayam. Adalah dipercayai parasit yang terdapat di dalam ayam domestik berasal daripada dan/atau mempunyai kaitan rapat dengan strain yang wujud di dalam ayam hutan. Oleh yang demikian, pencirian spesies Eimeria ini yang dipencil daripada ayam hutan tempatan akan memberi pengetahuan baru bagi meningkatkan pemahaman mengenai biologi parasit ini. Dalam kajian yang dilaporkan di sini, populasi parasit Eimeria AH1 telah dipencil daripada saluran usus ayam hutan tempatan. Berasaskan kepada pasaj bersiri didapati penghasilan oosista populasi AH1 tersebut dalam ayam domestik bergantung kepada umur oosista dan dos jangkitan. Pencirian morfologi pula menunjukkan oosista populasi AH1 berbentuk ovoid dan kebanyakan oosista tersebut mempunyai granul kutub. Nilai dimensi purata bagi oosista populasi AH1 ialah 22.51 (± 0.17) × 17.30 (± 0.14) μm. Saiz oosista populasi AH1 didapati berbeza secara signifikan (p < 0.05) berbanding dengan saiz oosista strain rujukan, E. tenella strain Houghton. Amplifikasi tindak balas berantai polimerase multipleks populasi AH1 menghasilkan jalur bersaiz ~540 pb yang berkolerasi dengan saiz produk yang spesifik untuk E. tenella. Hasil kajian kami ini mengesahkan bahawa populasi Eimeria AH1 yang dipencilkan daripada ayam hutan tempatan, terdiri daripada parasit E. tenella.

Kata kunci: Ayam hutan; Eimeria tenella; koksidiosis; parasit protozoa

ABSTRACT

Eimeria tenella is one of the seven Eimeria species that infects chicken. Infection of this parasite causes coccidiosis, which brings about great economic losses to the poultry industry. It is believed that the parasite in the domestic chicken originates from and/or is closely related with the strain present in the jungle fowl. Thus, characterisation of Eimeria species isolated from the local jungle fowl will provide new knowledge to increase the understanding of the biology of this parasite. In the study reported here, the Eimeria population AH1 was isolated from the intestinal tract of a local jungle fowl. Based on a serial passage, it was found that the production of oocysts from the AH1 population in domestic chicken depends on the age of the oocysts and the dose of infection. Morphological characterisation showed that the AH1 population oocysts are ovoid in shape with most of the oocysts possessing a polar granule. The mean dimension of the AH1 population oocysts is 22.51 (± 0.17) × 17.30 (± 0.14) μm. The size of the AH1 population oocysts is significantly different (p < 0.05) compared to the size of oocysts of the reference, E. tenella Houghton strain. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction amplification of the AH1 population produced a band of ~540 bp in size, which correlates with the size of the product specific for E. tenella. The results of our study confirm that the Eimeria population AH1 isolated from the local jungle fowl, consists of E. tenella parasites.

Keywords: Coccidiosis; Eimeria tenella; jungle fowl; protozoan parasite

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: klwan@ukm.my