Sains Malaysiana 40(7)(2011): 719–724

 

Influence of Compounding Methods on Poly(vinyl) Alcohol/Sago Pith Waste Biocomposites: Mechanical and Water Absorption Properties

(Kesan Kaedah Pencampuran ke atas Biokomposit Polivinil Alkohol/Bahan

Buangan Empulur Sagu: Sifat-sifat Mekanik dan Penyerapan Air)

 

W.Y. Toh*, J.C. Lai & W.A.R. Wan Aizan

Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia

 

Diserahkan: 23 Oktober 2009 / Diterima: 4 Ogos 2010

 

 

ABSTRACT

 

Several methods of incorporating sago pith waste (SPW) into poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) had been conducted: (i) dry blending (PVA/SPW/G), (ii) blending of SPW and pre-plasticized PVA (pPVA/SPW/G) and (iii) blending of pre-plasticized of both PVA and SPW (pPVA/pSPW). The effect of the compounding method on the mechanical and water absorption properties were investigated. The addition of SPW into PVA greatly reduced the tensile strength and elongation at break. The tensile strength and elongation at break of PVA/SPW composites with identical geometry during compounding stage (powder/powder and pellet/pellet), which were PVA/SPW/G and pPVA/pSPW yielded the highest value. The percentage of water absorbed by PVA/SPW/G (without pre-plasticization) was the highest, followed by pPVA/pSPW and pPVA/SPW/G.

 

Keywords: Mechanical properties; polyvinyl alcohol; sago pith waste; water absorption

 

 

ABSTRAK

 

Beberapa cara untuk mengadunkan bahan buangan empulur sagu (SPW) ke polivinil alkohol (PVA) telah dilakukan: i) pengadunan secara kering (PVA/SPW/G), (ii) pengadunan SPW dan pra-pemplastikan PVA (pPVA/SPW/G) dan (iii) pengadunan pra-pemplastikan SPW dan pra-pemplastikan PVA (pSPW/pPVA). Kesan kaedah pengadunan ke atas sifat-sifat mekanik dan penyerapan air telah dikaji. Penambahan SPW ke dalam PVA banyak mengurangkan tegasan tegangan dan terikan pada patah. Tegasan tegangan dan terikan pada patah bagi komposit PVA/SPW dengan geometri yang serupa (tepung/tepung dan resin/resin) semasa peringkat pengadunan, iaitu PVA/SPW/G dan pPVA/pSPW menghasilkan nilai tertinggi. Peratus air diserap oleh PVA/SPW/G (tanpa pra-pemplastikan) adalah tertinggi, ini diikuti oleh pPVA/pSPW dan pPVA/SPW/G.

 

Kata kunci: Alkohol polivinil; bahan buangan empulur sagu; penyerapan air; sifat mekanik

 

 

RUJUKAN

 

Carvalho, A.J.F., Zambon, M.D., Curvelo, A.A.S. & Gandini, A. 2003. Size exclusion chromatography characterization of thermoplastic starch composites. Part 1. Influence of Plasticizer and Fibre Content. Polymer Degradation and Stability 79: 133-138.

Chiellini, E., Cinelli, P., Chiellini, F. & Imam, S.H. 2004. Environmentally degradable bio-based polymeric blends and composites. Macromolecular Bioscience 4: 218-231.

Cinelli, P., Chiellini, E., Lawton, J.W. & Imam, S.H. 2006. Properties of injection molded composites containing corn fibre and poly(vinyl alcohol). Journal of Polymer Research 13: 107-113.

Fishman, M.L., Coffin, D.R., Onwulata, C.I. & Willet, J.L. 2006. Two stage extrusion of plasticized pectin/poly(vinyl alcohol) blends. Carbohydrate Polymers 65: 421-429.

Follain, N., Joly, C., Dole, P. & Bliard, C. 2005. Properties of starch based blends. Part 2. Influence of poly vinyl alcohol addition and photocrosslinking on starch based materials mechanical properties. Carbohydrate Polymers 60: 185-192.

Gohil, J. M. Bhattacharya, A. & Ray, P. 2006. Studies on the cross-linking of poly(vinyl alcohol). Journal of Polymer Research 13: 161-169.

Julinova, M., Dvorackova, M., Kupec, J., Hubackova, J., Kopcilova, M., Hoffmann, J., Alexy, P., Nahalkova, A. & Vaskova, I. 2008. Influence of technological process on biodegradation of PVA/WAXY starch blends in an aerobic and anaerobic environment. Journal of Polymers and the Environment 16(4): 241-249.

Khan, M.A., Bhattacharia, S.K., Kader, M.A. & Bahari, K. 2006. Preparation and characterization of ultra violet (UV) radiation cured biodegradable films of sago starch/PVA blend. Carbohydrate Polymers 63: 500-506.

Mao, L., Imam, S., Gordon, S., Cinelli, P. & Chiellini, E. 2000. Extruded cornstarch-glycerol-polyvinyl alcohol blends: Mechanical properties, morphology and biodegradability. Journal of Polymers and the Environment 8(4): 205-211.

Mishra, S., Bajpai, R., Katare, R. & Bajpai, A.K. 2008. On the mechanical strength of biocompatible semi-IPNs of PVA and polyacrylamide. Microsystem Technologies 14(2): 193-198.

Orefield, A.F., Allentown, J.F.N. & Macungie, FLM. 1994. U.S. Patent No. 5, 362, 778. Washington DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Ramaraj. B. & Poomalai, P. 2006. Ecofriendly poly(vinyl alcohol) and coconut shell powder composite films: Physico-mechanical, thermal properties and swelling studies. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 102: 3862-3867.

Roohani, M., Habibi, Y., Belgacem, N.M., Ebrahim, G., Karimi, A.N. & Dufresne, A. 2008. Cellulose whiskers reinforced polyvinyl alcohol copolymers nanocomposites. European Polymer Journal 44: 2489-2498.

Tharanathan, R.N. 2005. Starch - value addition by modification. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 45: 371-384.

Vikineswary, S., Abdullah, N., Renuvathani, M., Sekaran, M., Pandey, A. & Jones, E.B.G. 2006. Productivity of laccase in solid substrate fermentation of selected agro-residues by pycnoporus sanguineus. Bioresources Technology 97: 171-177.

Wang, J., Lu, Y., Yuan, H. & Dou, P. 2008. Crystallization, orientation morphology and mechanical properties of biaxially oriented starch/polyvinyl alcohol films. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 110: 523-530.

Yun, Y.H., Na, Y.H. & Yoon, S.D. 2006. Mechanical properties with the functional group of additives for starch/PVA blend film. Journal of Polymers and the Environment 14(1): 71-78.

Zhang, J.F. & Sun, X. 2004. Physical characterization of coupled poly(lactic acid)/starch/maleic anhydride blends plasticized by acetyl triethy citrate. Macromolecular Bioscience 4(11): 1053-1060.

 

*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: tohwenyee@yahoo.co.uk

 

 

 

sebelumnya