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Carotenoid as a Potential Antioxidant
Marker for Schizophrenia
(Karotenoid
Berpotensi sebagai Penanda Antioksidan bagi Skizofrenia)
T. J.
Chow
& H.C. Loh*
Department
of Chemical Engineering , Faculty of Engineering and Science
UTAR,
Jalan Genting Kelang, Setapak, 53300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Diserahkan: 12 Januari
2011 / Diterima: 30 Disember 2011
ABSTRACT
Free radicals are results of aerobic
activities and can damage cells when present in excess by causing oxidative
stress. Antioxidants efficiently quench free radicals to counteract oxidative
stress. Carotenoids are antioxidants that have detectable natural colorant
which can be measured as indicator of antioxidant level in human. The aim of
this study is to investigate possible association of carotenoid antioxidant
levels in schizophrenia. A total of 524 patients with schizophrenia from
Hospital Bahagia Ulu Kinta, Malaysia and 391 healthy controls were recruited.
Subjects’ skin carotenoid levels were measured through a non-invasive approach
using Raman spectroscopy. Patients with schizophrenia showed significant (p
< 0.01) lower carotenoid level compared to healthy controls. Factors such as
gender, age, subtypes, antipsychotic drug treatments, and duration of illness
did not differ significantly among patients. It is concluded that patient with
schizophrenia have low levels of carotenoid antioxidants and is suggested to
experience higher level of oxidative stress compared to healthy individuals.
Keywords: Antioxidant; carotenoid;
oxidative stress
ABSTRAK
Radikal bebas merupakan hasilan daripada
aktiviti aerobick dan boleh merosakkan sel melalui tekanan oksidatif apabila
hadir secara berlebihan. Antioksidan menghilangkan radikal bebas untuk
mengatasi tekanan oksidatif secara berkesan. Antioksidan karotenoid adalah
pewarna semula jadi yang dapat dikesan serta diukur sebagai penanda aras
antioksida dalam manusia. Matlamat kajian ini adalah untuk menyiasat
kemungkinan wujudnya hubungan paras antioksida karotenoid dalam skizofrenia.
Sejumlah 524 pesakit skizofrenia dari Hospital Bahagia Ulu Kinta, Malaysia dan
391 kawalan yang sihat direkrut. Aras karotenoid di kulit subjek diukur melalui
spektroskopi Raman yang “tidak-invasif”. Pesakit skizofrenia menunjukkan paras
karotenoid yang rendah secara nyata (P > 0.01) berbanding dengan kawalan
sihat. Faktor-faktor seperti jantina, umur, sub-jenis, rawatan ubat antipsikotik
dan tempoh sakit adalah tidak signifikan di kalangan pesakit. Secara
kesimpulannya, pesakit skizofrenia mempunyai aras antioksidan karotenoid yang
lebih rendah dan dicadangkan mengalami paras tekanan oksidatif yang lebih
tinggi berbanding dengan individu yang sihat.
Kata
kunci: Antioksidan; karotenoid; tekanan oksidatif
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: hcloh@utar.edu.my
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