Sains Malaysiana 41(8)(2012): 983-991

Pengoptimuman Proses Pengeringan Semburan Gelatin denganMenggunakan

Kaedah Sambutan Permukaan

(Optimisation of the Gelatine Spray Drying Process using Response Surface Methodology)

N. Mohd Suhimi & A.Wahab Mohammad*

Jabatan Kejuruteraan Kimia dan Proses, Fakulti Kejuruteraan dan Alam Bina

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 8 September 2011 / Diterima: 30 Mac 2012

ABSTRAK

Proses pengeringan adalah proses akhir dalam penghasilan gelatin. Kaedah tradisi yang diaplikasi dalam industri adalah lebih rumit berbanding dengan kaedah pengering sembur. Serbuk gelatin dapat diperoleh dengan proses pengering sembur, tetapi jarang digunakan kerana dikhuatiri kualiti gelatin yang terhasil akan terjejas disebabkan proses degradasi protein. Objektif kajian ini adalah mendapatkan keadaan optimum penghasilan serbuk gelatin dengan menggunakan kaedah sambutan permukaan (RSM). Gelatin komersial jenis B (berkekuatan gel dalam julat 151-160) diperbuat daripada tulang lembu dan pengering sembur skala pandu digunakan dalam kajian ini. Pemboleh ubah tak bersandar yang diambil kira ialah kepekatan suapan larutan gelatin (6%(w/w) – 15%(w/w)) dan suhu pengoperasian (150^oC-170^oC). Pemboleh ubah bersandar yang diambil kira ialah peratus penghasilan, kandungan lembapan dan kekuatan gel serbuk gelatin. Keputusan uji kaji menunjukkan bahawa perbezaan kepekatan larutan suapan dan suhu masukan memberi kesan kepada ketiga-tiga sambutan tersebut di atas dengan faktor kepekatan larutan suapan adalah faktor utama yang memberi kesan kepada peratus penghasilan serbuk gelatin. Semakin tinggi kepekatan suapan, semakin berkurang peratus penghasilan. Serbuk gelatin yang dihasilkan mempunyai kekuatan Bloom di antara 149 – 173 dan ia tidak jauh berbeza dengan kekuatan Bloom gelatin komersial yang digunakan. Keadaan optimum yang diperoleh daripada analisis RSM ialah kepekatan suapan 9.23% (w/w) dan suhu masukan 170^oC dengan penghasilan serbuk gelatin yang diperoleh ialah 22.15% dengan kandungan lembapan 3.81% dan kekuatan gel 168.5. Sisihan nilai daripada nilai ramalan ialah 0.09% bagi peratus penghasilan, 3.05% bagi kandungan lembapan dan 0.78% bagi kekuatan gel.

Kata kunci: Gelatin; kaedah sambutan permukaan; pengering sembur

ABSTRACT

Drying process is a final process in the production of gelatine. Traditional method applied in the industry is more complicated to operate compared with spray drying method. Gelatine powder can be obtained by the spray drying process. However it is rarely used because it might lead to lower quality of gelatine due to protein degradation. The objective of this work was to optimize the production of gelatine powder from spray drying using response surface methodology (RSM). Commercial type B gelatine (bloom strength 151-160) from cattle bones and pilot-scale spray dryer was used in this study. Two independent variables were considered namely feed concentration (6% (w/w) – 15% (w/w)) and inlet temperature (150oC-170oC). The dependent variables were yield, moisture content and gel strength of gelatine powder. The results showed that different feed concentration and inlet temperature affect all three responses where feed concentration was the main factor affecting the yield of gelatine powder. The higher the feed concentration of gelatine, the lower the resulting yields. The gelatine powder produced has Bloom strength between 149 and 173 which was slightly lower than the Bloom strength of commercial gelatine. The optimum conditions obtained from RSM analysis were feed concentration 9.23% (w/w) and inlet temperature of 170oC where the yield of gelatine produce was 22.15% with moisture content 3.81% and gel strength 168.5. It was found that deviation from the predicted value was 0.09% for yield, 3.05% for moisture content and 0.78% for gel strength.

Keywords: Gelatine; response surface methodology; spray drying

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: wahabm@vlsi.eng.ukm.my