Sains Malaysiana 41(9)(2012): 1087–1093

Taburan dan Kelimpahan Parasitoid Lalat Rumah (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea)

di Ladang Ternakan Ayam di Semenanjung Malaysia

(Distribution and Abundance of Housefly Parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea)

at the Poultry Farms in Malaysia)

A. Hamdan & M.S. Shazuani

Pusat Pengajian Sains Kajihayat, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11600 Penang, Malaysia

S. Ahmad

Jabatan Perkhidmatan Veterinar Putrajaya, Kementerian Pertanian dan Industri Asas Tani, Wisma Tani, Presint 4, 62630 Putrajaya, Malaysia

A.B. Idris*

Pusat Sistematik Serangga, Pusat Sains Sekitaran dan Sumber Alam

Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi Selangor, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 10 Julai 2010 / Diterima: 21 Mei 2012

ABSTRAK

Kajian mengenai taburan dan kelimpahan parasitoid lalat rumah (Musa domestica) telah dijalankan di ladang ternakan ayam di beberapa negeri di Semenanjung Malaysia. Didapati bahawa spesies parasitoid yang memparasit pupa lalat di ladang ternakan ayam di Semenanjung Malaysia adalah Splangia endius, Splangia cameroni, Dirhinus himalayanus dan Pachycrepoideus vindemiae. Taburan populasi S. endius dan D. himalayanus adalah menyeluruh iaitu terdapat di semua negeri berbanding P. vindemiae. Namun, kelimpahan (bilangan individu) S. endius adalah tinggi secara signifikan (p<0.05) berbanding lain-lain spesies parasitoid. Kelimpahan D. himalayanus, S. cameroni dan P. vindemiae adalah tidak berbeza secara tekal antara negeri. Ini menunjukkan S. endius adalah berpotensi untuk dijadikan agen kawalan biologi lalat rumah di ladang ternakan ayam di Malaysia. Kelimpahan parasitoid adalah tinggi secara signifikan (p<0.05) di ladang ayam telur berbanding ladang ayam daging. Secara keseluruhannya, terdapat perbezaan yang tinggi dan signifikan (p<0.05) tentang populasi parasitoid di Johor berbanding Kelantan tetapi tidak (p<0.05) di antara negeri Johor, Selangor, Pulau Pinang dan Pahang. Perbezaan yang tidak signifikan juga direkodkan antara kelimpahan pupa lalat rumah dan parasitoid di sepanjang tempoh kajian dan antara lokasi di Malaysia. Kesan suhu dan jumlah hujan didapati tidak mempengaruhi perbezaan kelimpahan parasitoid di ladang ayam. Potensi S. endius dan D. himalayanus untuk dikomersialkan pengeluarannya juga dibincangkan.

Kata kunci: Kelimpahan; ladang ayam; parasitoid; lalat rumah; taburan

ABSTRACT

A study of distribution and abundance of parasitoid of housefly (Musca domestica) was conducted at the poultry farm in selected states of Peninsular Malaysia. It was found that the parasitoid species parasitizing housefly pupae were Splangia endius, Splangia cameroni, Dirhinus himalayanus and Pachycrepoideus vindemiae. The S. endius and D. himalayanus were found in all states compared with the P. vindemiae. The abundance (number of individual) and distribution of S. endius was significantly (p<0.05) higher than the other three parasitoids. However, the abundance of D. himalayanus, S. cameroni and P. vindemiae was not significantly different among the states. This shows that S. endius has the potential to be as a biological control agent of housefly at the poultry farms in Malaysia. Comparatively, parasitoid was highly abundant and differed significantly (p<0.05) in layer than broiler chicken poultry farm. There is a highly significant (p<0.05) difference among populations of parasitoids in the poultry farm in Johor than Kelantan, but no significant differences (p<0.05) between Johor, Selangor, Pulau Pinang and Pahang. No significant difference (p<0.5) was recorded between pupae of the housefly and parasitoid collected through the sampling periods and among states. Environmental factors namely temperature and rainfall did not influence the distribution and fluctuation of the parasitoid populations. The potential of S. endius and D. himalayanus produced commercially is also discussed.

Keywords: Abundance; distribution; housefly; poultry farm; parasitoid

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*Pengarang  surat-menyurat; email: idrisgh@ukm.my