Sains Malaysiana 42(10)(2013): 1357–1364

Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis of Olea europaea L. subsp. europaea Cultivars

Grown in the Marmara Region, Turkey

(Analisis Filogenetik Molekul bagi Kultivar Olea europaea L. subsp. europaea

Ditanam di Wilayah Marmara, Turki)

F. Coşkun¹* & S. Parlak²

¹Department of Biology, College of Arts & Sciences

Balikesir University, Cagis Campus 10145, Balikesir-Turkey

²Department of Biology, The Institute of Science & Technology of Balikesir University

Cagis Campus 10145, Balikesir –Turkey

Diserahkan: 10 Mac 2013/Diterima: 12 Mei 2013

ABSTRACT

DNA markers based on the PCR techniques are being broadly utilized during the past two decades. Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) is one of these techniques employed for determining the polymorphisms. In this study, we performed a molecular analysis using DNA markers for some olive (Olea europaea) cultivars grown in the Marmara Region of Turkey. Our goal was to determine the genetic relationships between 12 olive cultivars and ‘Delice’, the outgroup. Seven RAPD primers out of 60 (10 base-pair long) amplified gDNAs with repeatable bands. These primers generated 84 characters / bands in total and 39 out of these were polymorphic. After a Branch-and-Bound analysis and a Neighbour Joining (NJ) analysis via PAUP* software, the smallest genetic distance was found between Gordales and Karamursel Su cultivars as 0.03571 whereas the greatest distances were found between Arbequina and Ascolana, Manzanilla, Hermandos, Gemlik, Verdial and Vegral cultivars as 0.17857, respectively. Maximum parsimony (MP) analysis yielded 8 equally most parsimonious trees with 65 steps. Alternatively, NJ analysis produced one tree mostly congruent with MP tree number one. In conclusion, Turkish olive cultivars grown in the Marmara Region appear to be sister to the Spanish olive cultivars based on the RAPD data.

Keywords: Genetic distance; Marmara Region; Olea europaea subsp. europaea; olive cultivars; phylogenetic relationships; RAPD

ABSTRAK

Penanda DNA didasarkan pada teknik PCR telah digunakan secara kasar dalam dua dekad lepas. DNA Polimorfik Teramplifikasi Secara Rawak (RAPD) adalah salah satu daripada teknik yang digunakan untuk menentukan polimorfisme. Dalam kajian ini, kami telah menjalankan analisis molekul menggunakan penanda DNA bagi beberapa penanda kultivar zaitun (Olea europaea) yang ditanam di Wilayah Marmara, Turki. Tujuan kami ialah untuk menentukan perhubungan genetik antara 12 kultivar zaitun dan kumpulan luar ‘Delice’. Tujuh primer RAPD daripada 60 (10 pasangan bes panjang) teramplifikasi gDNA dengan jalur boleh ulang. Primer ini telah menjana sejumlah 84 sifat/jalur dan 39 daripadanya ialah polimorfik. Selepas analisis Ranting-dan-Terikat dan suatu analisis Jiran Menyambung (NJ) melalui perisian PAUP*, jarak genetik paling kecil telah ditemui antara kultivar Gordales dan Karamursel Susebagai 0.03571 manakala jarak yang paling besar telah ditemui antara kultivar Arbequina dan Ascolana, Manzanilla, Hermandos, Gemlik, Verdial dan Vegral masing-masing pada 0.17857. Analisis Parsimoni Maksimum (MP) menghasilkan 8 pepohon yang paling sama dengan parsimoni dengan 65 langkah. Sebagai alternative, analisis NJ menghasilkan satu pepohon yang paling kongruen dengan pepohon MP nombor satu. Sebagai rumusan, kultivar zaitun Turki yang ditanam di Wilayah Marmara dilihat sebagai adik beradik kepada kultivar zaitun Sepanyol didasarkan kepada data RAPD.

Kata kunci: Jarak genetik; kultivar zaitun; Olea europaea subsp. europaea; perhubungan filogenetik; RAPD; Wilayah Marmara

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: fcoskun@balikesir.edu.tr, fatihc1@yahoo.com