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Sains Malaysiana 42(10)(2013): 1365–1370
Biodegrading
Ability and Enzymatic Activities of Some White Rot Fungi
on Kenaf
(Hibiscus cannabinus)
(Kebolehan
Pereputan Biologi dan Aktiviti Enzim Beberapa Kulat Reput Putih ke
Atas Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus))
R. Mohamed1*, M.T. Lim1 1Department
of Forest Management, Faculty of Forestry, Universiti
Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia 2Department
of Forest Production, Faculty of Forestry, Universiti
Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM
Serdang, Malaysia
Diserahkan: 14 April 2013 /Diterima: 12 Mei 2013
ABSTRACT
Lignocellulosic materials consist of lignin walls and cellulose
fibrils that are bounded into lignin matrix preventing enzymatic activities to
occur efficiently. Natural microorganisms such as fungi have the ability to
break down this matrix and make the lignocellulosic components more accessible
to enzymes. We report on the ability of four white rot fungi: Oxyporus latemarginatus, Rigidoporus
vinctus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Coriolus versicolor,
to degrade kenaf biomass. Fungi were inoculated separately onto kenaf medium
and weight loss was determined after four weeks of incubation period. We
observed O. latemarginatus as the fastest-growing fungus when compared
with the rest and thus recorded the highest in biomass weight loss (3-fold
higher). Filtrates from the fermentation were assayed for ligninase activity.
All species produced high levels of lignin peroxidase (LiP), about the same
amount of laccase except for P. chrysosporium and very low levels of
manganase peroxidase (MnP). When analyzing for cellulase activities, all four
species produced similar amounts of endoglucanase, exoglucanase and
β-glucosidase. Because of its consistently fast growth and high enzymatic
activities, O. latemarginatus stands as a superior candidate in
biological pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass.
Keywords: Basidiomycetes; biological pretreatment; cellulose;
enzyme
ABSTRAK
Bahan-bahan lignoselulosa terdiri daripada dinding lignin dan
gentian halus selulosa yang disempadani lignin matriks menghalang aktiviti
enzim berlaku dengan cekap. Mikroorganisma semula jadi seperti kulat mempunyai
keupayaan untuk memecahkan matriks ini dan menjadikan komponen lignoselulosa
lebih mudah diakses oleh enzim. Kami melaporkan keupayaan empat kulat reput
putih: Oxyporus latemarginatus, Rigidoporus vinctus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium dan Coriolus
versicolor untuk merendahkan biojisim kenaf. Kulat telah disuntik secara
berasingan ke dalam medium kenaf dan kehilangan berat telah ditentukan selepas
empat minggu tempoh pengeraman. Kami mengamati O. latemarginatus sebagai
kulat yang berkembang pesat berbanding dengan kulat lain dan sekaligus mencatat
penurunan berat biojisim tertinggi (3 kali ganda lebih tinggi). Hasil tapisan
daripada penapaian telah dicerakinkan untuk kegiatan ligninase. Semua spesies
menghasilkan peroksidase lignin (LiP) pada tahap tinggi, lakase pada jumlah
yang hampir sama kecuali P. chrysosporium dan peroksidase manganase
(MnP) pada tahap sangat rendah. Apabila menganalisis aktiviti selulase, kesemua
empat spesies menghasilkan eksoglukanase, endoglukanase dan β-glukosidase
pada jumlah yang sama. Oleh sebab pertumbuhannya yang cepat dan tekal dan
aktiviti enzimnya yang tinggi, O. latemarginatus berpeluang menjadi
calon terbaik dalam prarawatan biologi biojisim lignoselulosa.
Kata kunci: Basidiomycetes; enzim; prarawatan
biologi; selulosa
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*Pengarang untuk surat menyurat; email: rozimohd@ upm.edu.my
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